Thalamus and RF Flashcards
core of brainstem
tegmentum
where is the retic. formation?
tegmentum
retic. form. pathways receive direct spinal input from all sensory modalities except…
…medial lemniscus (fine discr. sensation) and olfactory
retic. form. pathways receive input from where in the brain?
cerebral cortex and cerebellum
pontine RF outputs to SC via what?
MRST (posture, locomotion)
medullary RF outputs to SC via what?
LRST (tone, visceral)
lesions in midbrain RF leads to…
…coma and stupor
lesions in pontine RF leads to…
…constant wakefulness
lesion in medullary RF leads to…
…death
4 divisions of diencephalon
hypothalamus
epithalamus
subthalamus
(dorsal) thalamus
most discrete nuclei are in lateral or medial group of thalamus?
lateral
VPL receives…
…ascending pathways from medial lemniscus and ALS
VPM receives…
…ascending information from the ascending trigeminal
only sensory modality that gets to cortex without going through thalamus?
olfactory
Ascending Activating System
pontomesencephalic RF projections to cerebral cortex via thalamus
stimulation of ascending activating systems leads to…
…arousal from sleep, maintained wakefulness; low-frequency synchronized EEG changes to high-freq desynchronized EEG
specific projection nuclei
class of n. in thalamus that are cortically-dependent, reciprocal with their specific afferent, topographic
association projection nuclei
class of n. in thalamus that are cortically-dependent, reciprocal, relay between cortical areas
non-specific projection nuclei
class of n. in thalamus that have diffuse projections to cortex, long latency to activate
VPL projects to…
…somatosensory cortex
VPM projects to…
…somatosensory and taste cortex
LGN input and output
input: retina. output: V1
MGN input and output
input: inferior colliculus. output: A1
VL (ventral lateral n.) input and output
input: basal ganglia, deep cerebellar n. output: motor corteces
VA (ventral anterior n.) input and output
input: basal ganglia, deep cerebellar n. output: motor corteces, widespread throughout prefrontal
pulvinar input and output
input: tectum. output: parietotempo-occipital association
MD (mediodorsal n.) input and output
input: amygdala, olfactory ctx, limbic basal ganglia. output: frontal cortex
anterior n. input and output
input: mammillary bodies, hippocampus. output: cingulate gyrus
