Thalamus and RF

Question 1

core of brainstem

Answer 1

tegmentum

Question 2

where is the retic. formation?

Answer 2

tegmentum

Question 3

retic. form. pathways receive direct spinal input from all sensory modalities except…

Answer 3

…medial lemniscus (fine discr. sensation) and olfactory

Question 4

retic. form. pathways receive input from where in the brain?

Answer 4

cerebral cortex and cerebellum

Question 5

pontine RF outputs to SC via what?

Answer 5

MRST (posture, locomotion)

Question 6

medullary RF outputs to SC via what?

Answer 6

LRST (tone, visceral)

Question 7

lesions in midbrain RF leads to…

Answer 7

…coma and stupor

Question 8

lesions in pontine RF leads to…

Answer 8

…constant wakefulness

Question 9

lesion in medullary RF leads to…

Answer 9

…death

Question 10

4 divisions of diencephalon

Answer 10

hypothalamus
epithalamus
subthalamus
(dorsal) thalamus

Question 11

most discrete nuclei are in lateral or medial group of thalamus?

Answer 11

lateral

Question 12

VPL receives…

Answer 12

…ascending pathways from medial lemniscus and ALS

Question 13

VPM receives…

Answer 13

…ascending information from the ascending trigeminal

Question 14

only sensory modality that gets to cortex without going through thalamus?

Answer 14

olfactory

Question 15

Ascending Activating System

Answer 15

pontomesencephalic RF projections to cerebral cortex via thalamus

Question 16

stimulation of ascending activating systems leads to…

Answer 16

…arousal from sleep, maintained wakefulness; low-frequency synchronized EEG changes to high-freq desynchronized EEG

Question 17

specific projection nuclei

Answer 17

class of n. in thalamus that are cortically-dependent, reciprocal with their specific afferent, topographic

Question 18

association projection nuclei

Answer 18

class of n. in thalamus that are cortically-dependent, reciprocal, relay between cortical areas

Question 19

non-specific projection nuclei

Answer 19

class of n. in thalamus that have diffuse projections to cortex, long latency to activate

Question 20

VPL projects to…

Answer 20

…somatosensory cortex

Question 21

VPM projects to…

Answer 21

…somatosensory and taste cortex

Question 22

LGN input and output

Answer 22

input: retina. output: V1

Question 23

MGN input and output

Answer 23

input: inferior colliculus. output: A1

Question 24

VL (ventral lateral n.) input and output

Answer 24

input: basal ganglia, deep cerebellar n. output: motor corteces

Question 25

VA (ventral anterior n.) input and output

Answer 25

input: basal ganglia, deep cerebellar n. output: motor corteces, widespread throughout prefrontal

Question 26

pulvinar input and output

Answer 26

input: tectum. output: parietotempo-occipital association

Question 27

MD (mediodorsal n.) input and output

Answer 27

input: amygdala, olfactory ctx, limbic basal ganglia. output: frontal cortex

Question 28

anterior n. input and output

Answer 28

input: mammillary bodies, hippocampus. output: cingulate gyrus