basal ganglia Flashcards
4 basal ganglia functions
modulate activity of motor areas
initiate movements
select particular movements or complex motor sequences
reward behavior
5 main components of basal ganglia, + 2 minor components
striatum = caudate + putamen nucleus accumbens globus pallidus subthalamus substantia nigra
minor:
ventral pallidum
ventral tegmental area
basal ganglia input
striatum. everything comes to striatum first, and then goes to rest of BG
basal ganglia output (3)
GPi + substantia nigra pars reticulata + ventral pallidum
modulatory DA areas in basal ganglia (2)
sub. nigra pars compacta + ventral tegmental area
afferent sources to striatum (4)
cortex
amygdala
thalamus
VTA
heaviest corticostriatal afferents come from which 2 lobes?
frontal and parietal
principal cells in striatum? what class?
medium spiny projection. GABAergic
describe the direct loop of the basal ganglia
striatum INH GPi INH Thalamus EXC cortex (Sigitec)
describe the indirect loop of the basal ganglia
striatum INH GPe INH Subthalamus EXC GPi INH Thalamus EXC cortex + GPe INH GPi (sigiSEGItec + GIG)
lentiform nuclei
putamen and GP (look like lenses)
which SNc neurons modulate the direct basal ganglia pathway?
D1 dopaminergic neurons
which SNc neurons modulate the INdirect basal ganglia pathway?
D2 dopaminergic neurons
which basal ganglia pathway is affected in parkinson’s?
degeneration of SNc neurons (D1 and D2)
activity in striatal D1 spiny neurons will ________ the cortex via the _________ pathway
excite; direct
