Cerebellum

Question 1

define coordination problem

Answer 1

motor deficits without weakness or sensory deficit

Question 2

4 illnesses associated with diminished cerebellar function

Answer 2

fetal alcohol syndrome, autism, schizophrenia, tuberous sclerosis

Question 3

how many layers in cerebellar cortex?

Answer 3

3 (molecular, purkinje, granule)

Question 4

name the 3 cerebellar lobes, and how many lobules in each

Answer 4

anterior (5), posterior (4), flocculonodular (1)

Question 5

how many major cell types in cerebellar cortex? name them.

Answer 5

5:
granule (only excitatory)
golgi
stellate
purkinje
basket

(mnemonic: go grab sue’s picnic basket!)

Question 6

describe spatial organization of cerebellar cortex

Answer 6

mostly right angles and parallel lines

Question 7

2 inputs to cerebellar cortex:

Answer 7

mossy fibers
olivocerebellar system (climbing fibers)

Question 8

only output from cerebellar cortex:

Answer 8

purkinje cell axons. and it’s inhibitory, GABAergic, surprisingly

Question 9

all synaptic input to granule cells occur where?

Answer 9

at the “claw” at the end of each dendrite.

Question 10

all parallel fibers are…

Answer 10

…axons of the granule cells

Question 11

where do the 2 inputs to cerebellar cortex each originate?

Answer 11

olivocerebellar/climbing fibers: inferior olive

mossy fibers: SC/medulla/pons/midbrain

Question 12

damage to cerebellum can cause

Answer 12

decomposition of movement, delayed onset and “brake” of movement, hypermetria (moving too far), intention tremor, deficits in time perception

Question 13

3 deep cerebellar nuclei and their locations

Answer 13

• fastigial (most medial)
• interpositus (emboliform and globose, in between)
• dentate (most lateral)

Question 14

where are basket and stellate cells located?

Answer 14

molecular layer

Question 15

purkinje cell morphology

Answer 15

large soma with a giant pancake dendritic arbor. has 2 functional compartments, the proximal dendrites and the distal spiny branchlets

Question 16

where do purkinje cell proximal dendrites get their inputs from?

Answer 16

climbing fibers from the olives in a 1:1 ratio

Question 17

where do purkinje cell distal dendrites, aka spiny branchlets, get their inputs from?

Answer 17

the parallel fibers of 10’s of 1000’s of different granule cells

Question 18

what is the output of basket cells?

Answer 18

feed-forward inhibition of purkinje cells, their axons form “baskets” around the soma

Question 19

what is the output of golgi cells?

Answer 19

inhibition of granule cells, both feed-forward (onto their axons aka parallel fibers) and feed-back (onto mossy fiber axons that will then synapse with granule cells)

Question 20

rosette

Answer 20

the en passant structure on mossy fiber axons formed by terminals interlocking with the claws on granule cell dendrites and golgi cells

Question 21

where does excitatory output of the cerebellar nuclei go?

Answer 21

pontine nuclei

Question 22

where does inhibitory output of the cerebellar nuclei go?

Answer 22

inferior olive

Question 23

what is a module?

Answer 23

functional unit in cerebellum, runs longitudinally/perpendicular to long axis of the folia), distinguishable with myeloarchitectonics, has different electrophysiological properties than its neighbors