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Neuroanatomy > Thalamus > Flashcards

Thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

In the basic pathway of sensory interpretation, what is the general function of the thalamus?

A

Helps make a “decision” on what do to with the ascending info (analyzes it) before it goes to consciousness (“decides” what info passes)
- Different sensory modalities come together here

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2
Q

What 2 major brain regions can thalamic output go to?

A
  • Cerebrum

- Striatum

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3
Q

What are the parts of the striatum?

A

Caudate nuc. + putamen

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4
Q

What are 2 major e.g.’s of sensory info that does NOT go to the thalamus?

A
  • Olfaction

- Unconscious proprioception (str8 to cerebellum)

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5
Q

Besides ascending sensory info, what other major category of info does the thalamus receive?
What 2 major brain regions might provide this info to the thalamus?

A

Motor

- E.g. from cerebellum and basal ganglia

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6
Q

What’s the proper name of the thalamus?

A

Dorsal thalamus

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7
Q

Name the divisions of the diencephalon.

A
  • Epithalamus
  • Dorsal thalamus
  • Subthalamus
  • Hypothalamus
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8
Q

What is contained w/in the epithalamus?

A

Pineal gland, habenula, stria medullaris

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9
Q

What is contained w/in the subthalamus?

A

Subthalamic nuclei, zona incerta

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10
Q

What are the 4 major thalamic divisions?
Which one divides into 3 more?
Which looks like a thalamic cape and acts as a filter?

A
  • Internal medullary lamina (divides into 3)
  • Intralaminar nuclei (w/in lamina)
  • Midline nuclei
  • Thalamic reticular nuclei (cape/filter-specificity)
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11
Q

Name the 3 divisions of the internal medullar lamina.

What is the shape of the lamina that divide them?

A
  • Anterior division nuclei
  • Lateral division nuclei
  • Medial division nuclei
    (Y-shaped)
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12
Q

Which ventricle does the thalamus form a wall? Which of said ventricle’s walls does it form?

A
  • 3rd ventricle’s lateral wall
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13
Q

The internal capsule divides the thalamus from the _________________.
Which is medial/lateral?

A

Lentiform nucleus

- Thalamus is medial

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14
Q

Which ventricular space can be found superior to the thalamus?

A

Body of lateral ventricle (x2)

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15
Q

What can be found superolateral to the thalamus, adjacent to the body of the lateral ventricle?

A

Caudate nucleus

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16
Q

What are internal capsule fibers known as before they become the internal capsule?

A

Corona radiata

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17
Q

The thalamus consists of a majority of ________ neurons but also _______ neurons.
(what NT would each of these typically use?)

A
  • Projection (glutamate)

- Inhibitory (GABA)

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18
Q

The majority of thalamic input can be considered __________ but there is also some __________ input.

A
  • Regulatory (e.g. cortex, thalamic reticular nucleus, reticular formation, aminergic projections)
  • Specific (e.g. DCP)
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19
Q

What are the 3 grouping of thalamic nuclei? Differentiate them.

A
  • Specific or relay nuclei–*well-defined input and projections
  • Association nuclei–*reciprocally connected to association cortex
  • Non-specific nuclei–*project to broad areas of cortex
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20
Q

As noted in the homunculus, the VPM of the thalamus relays to what part of the body? What about the VPL?

A
  • Head, tongue (VPM receives from CN V)
  • Everything else (VPL receives from DCP/SST)

(looks like man on his knees, sticking out tongue towards medial)

21
Q

Specific/relay nuclei have specificity but they also _______________ w/each other.

A

Collaborate

22
Q

The anterior nucleus, ventral anterior/ventral lateral nucleus, VPM, VPL, MGN, LGN of thalamus fit into which category of thalamic nuclei?

A

Specific or relay nuclei

23
Q

What are 2 major association areas of the cerebrum that association nuclei might project to?
Can they project back to the thalamus?

A
  • Prefrontal cortex
  • Parietal-occipital-temporal cortex
  • Yes, these areas can project back to association nuclei of thalamus
24
Q

What 3 brain regions might give regulatory input to the relay/specific or association nuclei?

A
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Reticular formation
  • Reticular nucleus
25
Q

The pulvinar, dorsomedial, and lateral posterior thalamic nuclei fit into which category of thalamic nuclei?

A

Association nuclei

26
Q

Intralaminar and thalamic reticular nuclei fit into which category of thalamic nuclei?

A

Non-specific nuclei

27
Q

What are some e.g.’s of specific inputs to specific/relay thalamic nuclei? (brain region, not tract)

A

Subcortical sites (basal ganglia, cerebellum, retina, sc…)

28
Q

Which of the 3 types of thalamic nuclei might be the ones that would wake up or relax the cortex?

A 
Nonspecific nuclei (diffuse projections)
- E.g. thalamic reticular or intralaminar nuclei
29
Q

Internal capsule fibers coming in from the cortex area to the thalamus are called what?

A

Thalamocortical fibers

there are also dentatothalamocortical fibers

30
Q

What are the 4 different types of thalamic peduncles that can be found w/dissection?

A

Sup, inf, ant, post (they go in those directions)

31
Q

What gives input to the VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus?

A

Basal ganglia, cerebellum

32
Q

Where do thalamic VA/VL nuclei project?

A

Motor areas (precentral gyrus, adjacent frontal areas)

33
Q

What gives input to the VPL nuclei of the thalamus?

A

Medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract (spinal components)

34
Q

Where do thalamic VPL nuclei project?

A

Somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)

35
Q

What gives input to the VPM nuclei of the thalamus?

A

Medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract (trigeminal components)…AKA chief sensory nuc of V and spinal nucleus of V

36
Q

Where do thalamic VPM nuclei project?

A

Somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)

37
Q

What gives input to the MGN nuclei of the thalamus?

A

Brachium of inferior colliculus

38
Q

Where do thalamic MGN nuclei project?

A

Auditory cortex (transverse temporal gyrus)

39
Q

What gives input to the LGN nuclei of the thalamus?

A

Optic tract

40
Q

Where do thalamic LGN nuclei project?

A

Visual cortex (occipital lobe)

41
Q

What gives input to the anterior nuclei of the thalamus?

A

Mammillothalamic tract

42
Q

Where do thalamic anterior nuclei project?

A

Cingulate gyrus

43
Q

What aa. generally supply the thalamus?

A

Perforating aa.

44
Q

Thalamoperforating or thalamogenicular aa. typically branch from what a.?

A

Posterior cerebral a. (end of basilar a.)

45
Q

CVA to anterior thalamus would cause what deficits? (I think memorize)

A

Language (dominant) and memory

46
Q

CVA to lateral thalamus would cause what deficits? (I think memorize)

A

Motor and sensory

47
Q

CVA to medial thalamus would cause what deficits? (I think memorize)

A

Vigilance, arousal, memory

48
Q

CVA to posterior thalamus would cause what deficits? (I think memorize)

A

Higher visual

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

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