Intro lecture

Question 1

What is the general function of the precentral gyrus?

Associated disorder?

Answer 1

Voluntary movement of mm. of the body and head region

Loss of voluntary movement of body and head region

Question 2

What are the general functions of the premotor region?

Associated disorder?

Answer 2

Aids and integrates voluntary movements of the body

Apraxia–loss of ability to carry out complex movements of body and head

Question 3

What is the general function of the frontal eye fields?

Associated disorder?

Answer 3

Controls voluntary horizontal movements of the eyes

Loss of voluntary control of horizontal eye movement (i.e. eyes cannot deviate to side opposite lesion)

Question 4

What are the general functions of the prefrontal cortex?

Associated disorder?

Answer 4

• Intellectual functions
• Affective processes

Intellectual and emotional impairment

Question 5

What is the general function of Broca’s area?

Associated disorder?

Answer 5

Regulates motor aspects of speech

Motor aphasia

Question 6

What is the general function of postcentral gyrus?

Associated disorder?

Answer 6

Conscious perceptions of somesthetic (somatosensory) sensation

Loss of somatosensory perception

Question 7

What is the general function of Wernicke’s area?

Associated disorder?

Answer 7

Receptive integration of speech

Receptive aphasia

Question 8

What are the general functions of the superior parietal lobule?

Associated disorder?

Answer 8

• Integration of sensory and motor functions
• Programming mechanism for motor response
• Posterior parietal syndrome
• Sensory neglect
• Apraxia: loss of ability to carry out complex movements of body and head

Question 9

What is the general function of the superior temporal gyrus?

Associated disorder?

Answer 9

Auditory perception

Loss of auditory perception

Question 10

What is the general function of the middle temporal gyrus?

Associated disorder?

Answer 10

Detection of moving objects

Loss of movement detection

Question 11

What is the general function of the inferior temporal gyrus?

Associated disorder?

Answer 11

Recognition of faces

Loss of facial recognition

Question 12

What is the general function of the upper and lower banks of calcarine sulcus?

Associated disorder?

Answer 12

Visual perception

Partial or total loss of vision of the contralateral visual fields for both eyes, depending upon the extent of the lesion in the visual cortex

Question 13

What is the general function of the ventricles?

Associated disorder?

Answer 13

Flow of CSF throughout the CNS: a source of electrolytes and conduit for neuroactive and metabolic products

Hydrocephalus

Question 14

What is the general function of the basal ganglia?

Associated disorder?

Answer 14

Regulation of motor functions associated with the cerebral cortex

Dyskinesia–abnormality or impairment of voluntary movement

Question 15

What is the general function of the thalamic nuclei?

Associated disorder?

Answer 15

Transmission of signals from other regions of the CNS to the cerebral cortex mediating sensory, motor, cognitive, and affection (emotional) functions

Disruption and possible loss of sensory, motor, and other functions

Question 16

What are the general functions of the hypothalamic nuclei?

Associated disorder?

Answer 16

Visceral (feeding, drinking, autonomic, and endocrine functions + sexual and emotional behavior)

Disruption, loss, or alterations in visceral and affective functions and processes

Question 17

What are the general functions of the limbic structures (hippocampal formation, amygdala, septal area, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex)?

Associated disorder?

Answer 17

• Modulation of hypothalamic functions
• Regulation of emotional behaviors
• Short-term memory
• Temporal lobe epilepsy
• Loss of control of emotions related to affective processes
• Loss of short-term memory

Question 18

What is the general function of the cerebellum (anterior, posterior, and floccunodular nodes)?

Associated disorder?

Answer 18

Integration of motor functions related to all regions of the CNS associated with motor and related processes

• Loss of balance
• Ataxia: loss of full control of bodily movements
• Hypotonia
• Loss of coordination
• Disorders of movement when intentionally attempting to produce a purposeful response

Question 19

What is the general function of the midbrain?

Associated disorder?

Answer 19

Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions (CNs III and IV)

Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits as well as deficits associated with CNs III and IV

Question 20

What is the general function of the pons?

Associated disorder?

Answer 20

Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions (CNs V, VI, VII)

Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits as well as deficits associated with CNs V, VI, and VII

Question 21

What is the general function of the medulla?

Associated disorder?

Answer 21

Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions (CNs VIII, IX, X, XII)

Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits as well as deficits associated with CNs VIII, IX, X, and XII

Question 22

What are the general functions of the insula?

Answer 22

Related to social emotions and addiction