Intro lecture Flashcards
What is the general function of the precentral gyrus?
Associated disorder?
Voluntary movement of mm. of the body and head region
Loss of voluntary movement of body and head region
What are the general functions of the premotor region?
Associated disorder?
Aids and integrates voluntary movements of the body
Apraxia–loss of ability to carry out complex movements of body and head
What is the general function of the frontal eye fields?
Associated disorder?
Controls voluntary horizontal movements of the eyes
Loss of voluntary control of horizontal eye movement (i.e. eyes cannot deviate to side opposite lesion)
What are the general functions of the prefrontal cortex?
Associated disorder?
- Intellectual functions
- Affective processes
Intellectual and emotional impairment
What is the general function of Broca’s area?
Associated disorder?
Regulates motor aspects of speech
Motor aphasia
What is the general function of postcentral gyrus?
Associated disorder?
Conscious perceptions of somesthetic (somatosensory) sensation
Loss of somatosensory perception
What is the general function of Wernicke’s area?
Associated disorder?
Receptive integration of speech
Receptive aphasia
What are the general functions of the superior parietal lobule?
Associated disorder?
- Integration of sensory and motor functions
- Programming mechanism for motor response
- Posterior parietal syndrome
- Sensory neglect
- Apraxia: loss of ability to carry out complex movements of body and head
What is the general function of the superior temporal gyrus?
Associated disorder?
Auditory perception
Loss of auditory perception
What is the general function of the middle temporal gyrus?
Associated disorder?
Detection of moving objects
Loss of movement detection
What is the general function of the inferior temporal gyrus?
Associated disorder?
Recognition of faces
Loss of facial recognition
What is the general function of the upper and lower banks of calcarine sulcus?
Associated disorder?
Visual perception
Partial or total loss of vision of the contralateral visual fields for both eyes, depending upon the extent of the lesion in the visual cortex
What is the general function of the ventricles?
Associated disorder?
Flow of CSF throughout the CNS: a source of electrolytes and conduit for neuroactive and metabolic products
Hydrocephalus
What is the general function of the basal ganglia?
Associated disorder?
Regulation of motor functions associated with the cerebral cortex
Dyskinesia–abnormality or impairment of voluntary movement
What is the general function of the thalamic nuclei?
Associated disorder?
Transmission of signals from other regions of the CNS to the cerebral cortex mediating sensory, motor, cognitive, and affection (emotional) functions
Disruption and possible loss of sensory, motor, and other functions
What are the general functions of the hypothalamic nuclei?
Associated disorder?
Visceral (feeding, drinking, autonomic, and endocrine functions + sexual and emotional behavior)
Disruption, loss, or alterations in visceral and affective functions and processes
What are the general functions of the limbic structures (hippocampal formation, amygdala, septal area, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex)?
Associated disorder?
- Modulation of hypothalamic functions
- Regulation of emotional behaviors
- Short-term memory
- Temporal lobe epilepsy
- Loss of control of emotions related to affective processes
- Loss of short-term memory
What is the general function of the cerebellum (anterior, posterior, and floccunodular nodes)?
Associated disorder?
Integration of motor functions related to all regions of the CNS associated with motor and related processes
- Loss of balance
- Ataxia: loss of full control of bodily movements
- Hypotonia
- Loss of coordination
- Disorders of movement when intentionally attempting to produce a purposeful response
What is the general function of the midbrain?
Associated disorder?
Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions (CNs III and IV)
Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits as well as deficits associated with CNs III and IV
What is the general function of the pons?
Associated disorder?
Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions (CNs V, VI, VII)
Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits as well as deficits associated with CNs V, VI, and VII
What is the general function of the medulla?
Associated disorder?
Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions (CNs VIII, IX, X, XII)
Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits as well as deficits associated with CNs VIII, IX, X, and XII
What are the general functions of the insula?
Related to social emotions and addiction
