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Neuroanatomy > Brain stem > Flashcards

Brain stem Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the brainstem controls maintenance of consciousness?

A

Reticular formation

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2
Q

What are the gross anatomical features of the midbrain?

A
  • Superior and inferior colliculi (corpora quadrigemina)
  • Cerebral peduncles
  • Cerebral aqueduct
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3
Q

What are the gross anatomical features of the pons?

A
  • Basal pons
  • Middle cerebellar peduncle
  • Part of 4th ventricle
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4
Q

What are the gross anatomical features of the medulla?

A
  • Pyramids
  • Olives
  • Part of 4th ventricle
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5
Q

What forms the floor of the posterior cranial fossa? Roof? What major brain divisions are found there?

A
  • Occiput
  • Tentorium cerebelli
  • Cerebellum and brainstem
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6
Q

Where specifically are the corpora quadrigemina located?

A

Tectum of midbrain (dorsal)

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7
Q

The inferior colliculi are involved in _______, the superior colliculi are involved in _______.

Which deal with which nuclei?

A
  • Hearing
  • Vision

SLO AIM

  • Superior colliculi, lateral geniculate, optic
  • Auditory, inferior colliculi, medial geniculate
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8
Q

Where are the superior cerebellar peduncles?
Middle?
Inferior?

A
  • Sup: midbrain
  • Mid: pons
  • Inf: medulla
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9
Q

Where are the cerebral peduncles located?

A

Midbrain

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10
Q

Where are the olives and what do they connect to?

A
  • Medulla

- Connect to dentate nucleus of cerebellum

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11
Q

Where are the pyramids found and which tract are the pyramids a part of?

A
  • Medulla

- CST (decussates into sc)

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12
Q

Describe the approximate location of the 4th ventricle.

Review: what are the names of the holes leading out of the 4th ventricle?

A
  • B/w pons/upper medulla and cerebellum

- Lateral foramen of Lushka, posterior Midline foramen of Magendi.

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13
Q

What is the name of the thickest n. coming out of the pons?

A

Trigeminal n. (CN V)

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14
Q

Which is the only CN that leaves from the dorsal side of the brainstem?
What else does it uniquely do?

A

Trochlear n. (CN IV)

- Crosses

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15
Q

Which of the cerebellar peduncles is positioned most ventrally?

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

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16
Q

What is the path of CN 11?

A

Enters thru foramen magnum, leaves thru jugular foramen

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17
Q

The pulvinar nucleus plays a role in _____________.

The mammillary bodies play a role in _____________.

A
  • Vision
  • Memory
    (mammillary bodies connect to hippocampus via fornix and degenerate in severe alcoholism)
18
Q

Where’s the red nucleus found?

A

Midbrain

19
Q

At what specific brainstem level would you see internal arcuate fibers?

A

Caudal medulla

20
Q

At what specific brainstem level would you see inferior olivary nucleus?

A

Rostral medulla

21
Q

At what specific brainstem level would you first see the medial logitudinal fasciculus (MLF)?
What’s its function?

A

Immediately (caudal medulla)
- The MLF deals with coordinating the nuclei of 3, 4, and 6 with each other and spinal reflexes (coordinates head/neck/eye movements)

22
Q

The deep cerebellar nuclei first become visible at what specific brainstem level?
Name them.

A
  • Caudal pons

Fat guys eat doughnuts
- Fastigal, globose, emboliform, dentate

23
Q

Any cell bodies seen in the pons are known as _________________.

A

Pontine gray nuclei

24
Q

As you ascend the brainstem, where does the periaqueductal gray (PAG) begin, specifically?

A

Rostral pons (surrounds top of 4th ventricle)

25
Q

In the brainstem, explain the general spatial arrangement of the DCP, STT, and CST.

A
  • DCP medial (lemniscus)
  • STT lateral (pain)
  • CST ventral (pyramids)
26
Q

Where do the superior cerebellar peduncles (SCPs) decussate, specifically?

A

Caudal midbrain (makes sense)

27
Q

Ascending the brainstem, where is the cerebral aqueduct first seen, specifically?

A

Caudal midbrain

28
Q

Spatially, where are the colliculi located?

A

Dorsal midbrain

29
Q

Specifically, where in the brainstem are the substantia nigra and red nucleus seen?

A

Rostral midbrain

30
Q

Which CN exits the brainstem at the interpeduncular fossa?

A

CN III

31
Q

What are the main functions of the reticular formation?

A
  • Arousal and consciousness
  • Modulates pain pw’s
  • Autonomic reflex circuitry
  • Participates in control of movement (sc and cerebellum)
32
Q

Where is the locus ceruleus (LC) located, specifically?

What NT is associated w/it?

A
  • Rostral pons (posterior, touching PAG)
  • Noradrenaline/NE

(has extensive projections in CNS; may adjust background levels of sensitivity?)

33
Q

Where is the ventral tegmental area (VTA) located?

What NT is associated w/it?

A
  • Midbrain

- Dopamine (w/SN)

34
Q

What happens w/lesion to VTA?
What happens w/lesion to SN?

What is their relative spatial arrangement?

A
  • Some form of mental disability
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • 2x SN’s laterally around the median VTA
35
Q

Where is the Raphe located?

What NT is associated w/it?

A
  • Most of the brainstem
  • Serotonin (5-HT)

(Like those of the LC these neurons project all over and may adjust levels of attention or arousal)

36
Q

What is the NT associated w/the rostral brainstem and basal forebrain?
What are the 2 key nuclei of the basal forebrain?

A
  • Acetylcholine (ACh)

- Basal nucleus of Meynart and septal nuclei

37
Q

The meynert nucleus projects to _____________________________.

A

Widespread areas of the cerebrum

38
Q

Septal nuclei (medial olfactory area) project to the __________________.

A

Hippocampus

39
Q

Destruction of the basal nucleus of Meynart and septal nuclei of the basal forebrain may lead to _____________.

A

Alzheimer’s disease

40
Q

*Raphe works in a vineyard picking grapes.—So:

Also, uncle ______ has trouble moving his ________.

A
  • SE Raphe’s Sustantial Dopey blue NE’s

- Uncle Meynart has trouble moving his cholinergics.

41
Q

A stroke at PICA could cause what major syndrome?

What would it effect?

A
  • Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome)
  • Balance, taste, pain, speech, + produces a Horner’s syndrome.
  • Loss of pain and temp in lower body below lesion on contralateral side + loss of pain and temp on ipsilateral side of head
42
Q

If the inferior colliculus of the midbrain is the golfball on cross-section, what is the ball’s tee?

A

Lateral lemniscus

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

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