TFL Final Grammar Review Flashcards
Verbs that can take a direct object are called ___ verbs, and verbs that do not take a direct object are called ___.
transitive; intransitive
The 1st/2nd person personal and reflexive pronouns are ___ in Latin.
identical
Give some English words that express the subjunctive.
may, might, let, should, could, would
A subjunctive clause is made negative by using the conjunction
ne
If the verb of the main clause is in the past, the verb of the purpose clause is in the ___.
imperfect subjunctive
The meaning of the subjunctive must be determined by the ___, but we will use the helping verbs ___ for recitation.
context; may and might
Adjectives with stems ending in a vowel are usually compared with the adverbs ___.
magis, máximē
The persent subjunctive is formed by ___ or ___ these vowels before the personal ending:
1st conj. ___
2nd conj. ___
3rd conj. ___
3rd conj. io ___
4th conj. ___
adding; changing
substitute e for a
add a
substitute a for i, o, u
add a
add a
If the verb of the main clause is in the present or future, the verb of the purpose clause is in the ___.
present subjunctive
To form the singular imperative of all four conjugations, drop ___ from the infinitive
-re
A participle is a ___.
verbal adjective
The subjunctive mood is used for
potential action, such as opinions, purpose, and wishes
A clause is part of a sentence that has
a subject and a verb
In adjectives and adverbs, there are ___.
degrees of comparison
Give two latin examples where an adjective is used as a noun to describe a group of people or things.
multa (many things), nostri (our men), multi (many people)
Give two uses of the demonstrative iste.
1) point out something close to the person spoken to
2) in contempt
A vocative noun is often used with an ___ verb and usually is not the ___ word in the sentence.
imperative; first
In English, other adjectives and adverbs are compared by means of the words ___.
more and most
Which demonstrative is also used as the 3rd person personal pronoun?
is ea id
A deliberative question uses the ___ subjunctive for present time and the ___ subjunctive for past time.
present; imperfect
The forms for ___ and ___ pronouns are identical in English, but different in Latin.
reflexive; intensive
Give the dative and ablative plural of fília and dea.
filiabus, deabus
The superlative of regular adverbs is formed by ___.
adding -ē to the superlative stem
In a sentence with a purpose clause, the main verb is in the ___ and the purpose clause is in the ___.
indicative; subjunctive
A deliberative question is asked in ___ or ___ and is expressed in English by the helping verb ___.
doubt; indignation; should
A comparitive adjective used to indicate degree rather than comparison means ___.
rather, too, more than the average
What sentence helps you remember the vowel changes in the subjunctive?
We beat a liar.
Which demonstrative means the famous when it follows a noun?
ille illa illud
3rd declension nouns ending in ___ are usually feminine, and those ending in ___ are always feminine.
-o; -tas -tatis
A appositive agrees with its noun or pronoun in ___, and usually but not necessarily in ___.
case; gender and number
The subjunctive mood is used mainly in __.
subordinate clauses
What three declensions have nouns ending in -us in the nominative?
2nd, 3rd, 4th
To form the plural imperative of all but the 3rd conjugation add ___ to the singular imperative
-te
Some adjectives, especially of quantity and number, form adverbs with the ___.
accusative singular
In English, reflexive and intensive pronouns end in ___.
-self, -selves
Most 3rd declsnion nouns ending in -us are what gender?
neuter
Demonstrative pronouns can be used as both ___.
pronouns and adjectives
The Latin comparitive is declined like a regular ___ noun.
3rd declension
The ___ implies a comparison a comparison among more than two persons or things.
comparitive
Ther imperative mood is used for
commands
What is the difference between a phrase and a clause?
A phrase does not have a subject and a verb, and a clause does.
The genitive of 1st/2nd declension pronouns is used for ___ expressions that do not show ___.
of; possession
Latin often uses the ___ as a noun to describe a group of people or things.
masculine or neuter nominative plural adjective
Give the Vocative Rule.
The vocative is the same as nominative except in the 2nd-declension masculine singular where -us changes to -e and -ius to -i.
The superlative adjective is formed by adding ___ to the stem.
-issimus, -rimus, or -limus
Give the 2nd person reflexive/intensive pronouns in English.
yourself, yourselves
The 3rd person reflexive pronoun adjective in Latin is ___.
suus sua suum
The active perfect and pluperfect subjunctives are built on the ___ stem by adding ___ and ___, respectively.
perfect; eri; isse
Give the 1st person reflexive/intensive pronouns in English.
myself, ourselves
In Enlgish, some adjectives require a ___ to complete their thought.
prepositional phrase
Forms of is and ea mean he and she when referring to ___, and it when referring to ___.
persons; things with grammatical gender
The indicative mood is used for
statements and questions
Give the singular and plural imperatives of sum.
es, este
The three ways in Latin to express this prepositional phrase are by ___.
case, preposition, infinitive.
The Naught Nine have irregular forms in what cases?
genitive and dative
A superlative adjective used to indicate degree rather than comparisons means ___.
very
What kind of pronouns point out persons or things?
demonstrative
Give the three moods of Latin verbs.
indicative, imperative, subjunctive
The reflexive pronoun reflects back on the ___, is always in the ___, and never in the ___ case.
subject; predicate; nominative
Give an exampole of degrees of comparison in English using the adjective great.
great, greater, greatest
Give three irregular singular imperatives.
dic, duc, fac
The ___ is descriptive.
positive
Nostrum and vestrum are used for the ___ genitive.
partitive
Two nouns or pronouns compared using the adverb quam must be ___.
in the same case
The comparitive of regular adverbs is the ___.
neuter singular nominative form
The 3rd person personal pronoun is ___.
is ea id
3rd declension adjectives of two and three terminations are changed into adverbs by ___.
adding -iteror-er to the stem
Give two common indeclinable nouns.
satis nihil
The verbs in a sentence with a purpose clause must ___ in tense.
correspond
Which two tenses are missing from the subjunctive?
future, future perfect
A clause that cannot stand alone is a ___ clause.
subordinate
The tenses of the perfect passive system are ___ verbs.
compound
Nostri and vestri are used for the ___ genitive.
objective
Remember ___ for the 3rd conjugation imperative forms.
surge, súrgite
A subordinate clause that uses the subjunctive is the ___.
purpose clause
Adverbs stand ___ the verbs they modify.
before
Give the four demonstrative pronouns.
is ea id, hic haec hoc, ille illa illud, iste ista istud
Give three vocative expressions that illustrate the vocative rule.
Et tu, Brute?
Benedic Dómine nos
fili mi
Give the three exceptions to the Vocative Rule.
meus = mi
deus = deus
Jesus = Jesu
The vocative case is the case of ___.
direct address
The hortatory subjunctive is used to express ___, ___, ___ and is usually translated with ___.
exhortation, indirect command, strong wish; let or may.
The ___ can be used to show purpose in English, but not in Latin.
infinitive
In what three respects does hic refer to something close to the speaker?
time, space, thought
The genitive of is ea id is used to show ___ but functions as a ___.
possession; pronoun
The ___ implies a comparison among more than two persons or things.
superlative
The degrees of comparison are:
positive, comparitive, superlative
What is an appositive?
a word that follows a noun and renames it
The Latin comparitive is formed by adding ___ and ___ to the stem.
-ior; -ius
Give three kinds of 3rd declension adjectives.
1, 2, 3 terminations
1st/ 2nd declension adjectives are changed into adverbs by ___.
adding -ē to the stem
Give the two neuter and two feminine nouns of the 4th declension.
Cornu and genu are neutuer, and domus and manus are feminine.
The perfect subjunctive is identical to the ___ tense expect for ___.
future perfect; the 1st person singular
The 3rd person reflexive pronouns in Latin are ___.
sui sibi se, se
Give three reasons for using a personal pronoun in the nominative case (as a subject).
clarity, contrast, emphasis
The subjunctive mood describes activity that is ___.
potential
The preposition cum takes the ___ case, and when combined with 1st/2nd personal pronouns results in what forms?
ablative; mecum, tecum, nobiscum, vobiscum
Give the 3rd person reflexive/intensive pronouns in English.
himself, herself, itself, themselves
The 4th principal part is a ___.
participle
Which cardinale numbers are declined?
uno, duo, tres
Give two ways to use the subjunctive in an independent clause.
hortatory subjunctive and deliberate questions
An intensive pronoun ___ another word in the sentence.
emphasizes
The intensive pronoun in Latin is ___.
ipse
A clause that can stand alone is an ___ clause.
independent
Give the three kinds of 1st/2nd declension adjectives.
regular (bonus -a -um), er adjectives (drop or retain the e), the Naughty Nine
The superlative adjective is declined like ___.
bonus -a -um
In English, many positive adjectives can be changed into comparisons by adding ___ and changed into superlatives by adding ___.
-er; -est
A negative clause of purpose replaces ut with ___.
ne
The indicative mood describes activity that is ___.
real, actual
Give two examples of adjectives used as nouns in English.
the poor, the good, the bad, the ugly, the tired, the weary, etc.
When used togetherk, ille and hic mean, respectively, ___.
the former, the latter
