Lesson 12: Grammar Review Flashcards
Define preposition.
A preposition shows the relationship between its object and another word in the sentence.
A prepositional phrase consists of the preposition and its ___
object (and modifiers)
What English word adds an additional letter before words that begin with vowels?
a
What two Latin prepositions are similar to this word?
a/ab, e/ex
Latin prepositions govern either the ___ or ___ case.
ablative; accusative
Prepositions that express motion forward generally take what case?
accusative
Prepositions that expression location, no motion, or motion from, take what case?
ablative
Give two prepositions that can either take the ablative or the accusative case.
in, sub
Give the three moods of Latin verbs.
indicative, imperative, subjunctive
The indicative mood is used for
statements and questions
Ther imperative mood is used for
commands
The subjunctive mood is used for
potential action, such as opinions, purpose, and wishes
To form the singular imperative of all four conjugations, drop ___ from the infinitive
-re
To form the plural imperative of all but the 3rd conjugation add ___ to the singular imperative
-te
Remember ___ for the 3rd conjugation imperative forms.
surge, súrgite
Give three irregular singular imperatives.
dic, duc, fac
Give the singular and plural imperatives of sum.
est, este
The tenses of the perfect passive system are ___ verbs.
compound
The 4th principal part is a ___.
participle
A participle is a ___.
verbal adjective
Verbs that can take a direct object are called ___ verbs, and verbs that do not take a direct object are called ___.
transitive; intransitive
The vocative case is the case of ___.
direct address
Give the Vocative Rule.
The vocative is the same as nominative except in the 2nd-declension masculine singular where -us changes to -e and -ius to -i.
Give three vocative expressions that illustrate the vocative rule.
Et tu, Brute?
Benedic Dómine nos
fili mi
Give the three exceptions to the Vocative Rule.
meus = mi
deus = deus
Jesus = Jesu
A vocative noun is often used with an ___ verb and usually is not the ___ word in the sentence.
imperative; first
Give the dative and ablative plural of fília and dea.
filiabus, deabus
Give two common indeclinable nouns.
satis nihil
What is an appositive?
a word that follows a noun and renames it
A appositive agrees with its noun or pronoun in ___, and usually but not necessarily in ___.
case; gender and number
Give two examples of adjectives used as nouns in English.
the poor, the good, the bad, the ugly, the tired, the weary, etc.
Latin often uses the ___ as a noun to describe a group of people or things.
masculine or neuter nominative plural adjective
Give two latin examples where an adjective is used as a noun to describe a group of people or things.
multa (many things), nostri (our men), multi (many people)
Give the three kinds of 1st/2nd declension adjectives.
regular (bonus -a -um), er adjectives (drop or retain the e), the Naughty Nine
The Naught Nine have irregular forms in what cases?
genitive and dative
Give three kinds of 3rd declension adjectives.
1, 2, 3 terminations
