Textbook: Chapter 15 Flashcards
Aggregative response
Movement of predators into areas of high prey density
Behavioral defenses
Aggressive and submissive postures or actions that threaten or deter enemies
Batesian mimicry
Resemblance of a palatable or harmless species, the mimic, to an unpalatable or dangerous species, the model
Chemical defense
The use by organisms of bitter, distasteful or toxic secretions that deter potential enemies
Constitutive defense
Fixed feature of an organism, such as object resemblance, that deters predators
Cryptic coloration
Coloration of organisms that makes them resemble or blend into their habitat or background
Flashing coloration
Hidden markings on animals that, when quickly exposed, startle or divert the attention of a potential predator
Functional response
Change in rate of exploitation of a prey species by a predator in relation to changing prey density
Induced defense
Defense response brought about or induced by the presence or action of a predator; for example, alarm pheromones
Marginal value theorem
Predicts the length of time an individual should stay in a resource patch before leaving and seeking another
Mullerian mimicry
When many unpalatable or venemous species share a similar color pattern
Numerical response
Change in size of predators in response to change in density of its prey
Object resemblance
A prey species assumes the appearance of some feature in the environment, such as a leaf, to avoid detection
Optimal foraging theory
Tendency of animals to harvest food efficiently, selecting food sizes or food patches that supply maximum food intake for energy expended
Protective armor
Hard out covering of an animal body, sucha s shells of turtles and spines of porcupines, that deters or makes the owner somewhat invulnerable to most enemies
Predator satiation
A predator defense mechanism involving the physiological timing of reproduction by a prey species, plant or animal, to produce a maximum number of seeds or young within a short period more than predators can possible consumer thus allowing a greater percentage of offspring to escape
Predator defenses
Evolved characteristics that help prey avoid detection or capture
Qualitative inhibitors
The secondary compounds that function as defenses against herbivory that are present in small to minute quantities
Quantitative inhibitors
The secondary compounds that are produced by the plant in large quantities
Search image
Mental image formed in predators, enabling them to find prey more quickly and to concentrate on a common type of prey
Secondary compounds
Chemicals that are not involved in the basic metabolism of plant cells
Switching
Changing the diet from a less abundant to a more abundant prey species
Type III functional response
Rate of prey consumed; slow at first and then increasing in an S-shaped (sigmoid) fashion as the rate of predation reaches a maximum
Type II functional reponse
Per capita rate of predaiton increases in a decelerating fashion only up to a maximum rate that is attained at some high prey density
Type I functional response
Rate of prey mortaility due to predation is constnat, a function of the efficiency of predators
Warning coloration
Conspicuous color or markings on an animalt aht serve to discourage potential rpedators
