textbook ch 8,9,10,11 Flashcards
what is reality testing?
source of intellectual processes + problem solving. capacity for realistic thought allows ego to form plans of action to satisfy needs + test plans mentally to see whether they will work
what is introjection?
taking in/incorporating values of your parents
two subsections of superego?
ego ideal: rules for good behaviour/standard of excellence
+ conscience: comprises rules about what behaviours the parents disapprove of + punish
what is ego strength?
ego’s ability to be effective despite the conflicts of the three aspects of functioning.
three types of anxiety?
reality: from danger in world
neurotic: fear that id impulses will get out of control
moral: fear that you violated moral code
two purposes of projection?
- helps get desire into open, releasing some repression
2. ego + superego dont realize it as belonging to you
2 substages or oral phase?
oral incorporative phase: helpless + dependent
oral sadistic phase: sexual pleasure from biting + chewing.
two parental approaches to toilet training
- urging child + praising success
- emphasis on punishment
two anal traits that may result from toilet training?
anal explusive: rebellion - eliminate when parent DOESNT want it
anal retentive: stingy, obstinant, orderly
what is castration anxiety
boys greatest fear is that dad will castrate him to eliminate the source of lust towards his mom.
what is symbiosis?
infant fused with the mother
- newborns in state of fusion. personality breaks this down
robert white’s two motivational concepts re:ego
- effectance motivation: motive to have effect or impact on surroundings
- competence motivation: effectance motivation. motive to be effective in dealing with enviro.
block+ block: ego 2 concepts
ego control: extent to which person inhibits impulses
ego resiliency: capacity to modify your usual level of ego control
kohut - self psychology.
what is essential narcissism
pattern of self-centered needs that must be satisfied through others
kohut - self psych: what is self-object
someone who helps satisfy your needs
kohut- self psych:: mirroring
parents mirror to support child. gratifies child’s narcissistic needs = grandiose feeling.
kohut- self psych. failures of mirroring?
child wont develop adequate sense of self. deeper narcissistic needs than others
crisis in autonomy vs shame/doubt stage?
- child’s efforts to gain control over their actions
managing conflict in autonomy vs shame/doubt stage = ?
ego quality of will
managing conflict in initiative vs guilt =?
ego quality of purpose
managing conflict of industry vs inferiority =?
managing, competence.
danger = feelings of inferiority
managing conflict of intimacy vs isolation =?
ego quality of love.
four aspects of generativity?
biological
parental
technical
cultural
manage crisis of generativity vs stagnation =?
ego quality of care
manage crisis of ego integrity vs despair =?
ego quality of wisdom.
3 life stories
- commitment
- redemption
- contamination (good turns bad)
four scales of object relations measure
alienation: lack of trust
insecure attachment: sensitive to rejection.
- egocentricity: assess narcissism, self-protective, exploitative.
-social incompetence: shy, uncertain
assessing mom + dad at three levels?
- low maturity: how parents satisfy your needs
- higher maturity: parents’ values, thoughts, feelings apart from your needs
- very high maturity: take into account internal contradictions + changes over time
learning: what is generalization
responding in similar way to similar but not identical stimuli
what is law of effect
behaviour followed by [good] = done more.
basis of operant conditioning
what is discriminative stimulus
stimulus that turns the behaviour on or off
2 schedules of reinforcement
- continuous: behaviour -> reinforcer every time [ acquired faster ,forgotten easier]
- partial: behaviour -> reinforcer sometimes. [ takes longer to learn resistant to extinction]
what is contingency management?
reinforce desired alternative actions + reduce further reinforcement of undesired action.
mastery model of fear?
completely without fear regarding what the person in therapy is afraid of.
coping model of fear?
initially displays fear but overcomes it
participant modeling of fear?
performs behaviour in front of other person, who then repeats it.
two aspects of reward?
- control: tells u your actions are not autonomous
2. informational aspect: inform u about yourself.
introjected regulation?
person treats a behaviour as “should” or “ought”
- controlled
identified regulation?
person has come to hold behaviour as personally meaningful and valuable.
- self-determined.
self-concordant:
consistent with your core values
- more likely to pursue these kinds of goals
what is reactance?
expect to have particular freedom and u see it as being threatened
what is self-verification?
once ppl have a picture of what they’re like, they want to have that self-concept confirmed by other ppl’s reaction to them.
what is self-protection?
trying not to be aware of incongruity between desired self + actual self.
two conditions needed to make someone concerned about self-esteem
- event must be attributable to person
2. event must be good or bad = potential to impact self-esteem.
what is self-handicapping
acting to create the conditions that tend to produce failure.
failing = threat to self-esteem. cant fail if success is prevented by circumstances beyond control.
need to be unaware that you’re using it
stereotype threat
threatened by being viewed through stereotype, rather than as individuals.
= effects performance = poor performance, stereotype is confirmed.
german word dasein
being in the world.
- totality of expereince as autonomous, separate, evolving entity.
