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Psyco 333 > Psychoanalytic Perspective > Flashcards

Psychoanalytic Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

controversy of psychoanalytic

A
  • some viewed as dangerous
  • first comprehensive theory of personality psych.
  • unscientific
  • maybe uncomfortable to talk about.
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2
Q

goals and successes of freud

A
  1. promoted interest in psychology
  2. established psychoanalysis as a science
  3. strong belief in the important of dynamic interplay of unconscious factrs
    goal: bring unconscious to the surface + into consious awareness to deal with it rationally; psychotherapist provides help by talking thru it.
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3
Q

key ideas of psychoanalysis

A
  1. psychic determinism
  2. internal structure
  3. psychic conflict
  4. psychic energy
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4
Q

what is psychic determinism?

A

assumption that everything that happens in mind has a specific cause

  • no accidents
  • everything can be explained
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5
Q

what is the internal structure?

A

3 parts of mind that function independently, but may conflict

id: irrational + emotional
ego: rational
superego: moral

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6
Q

mis-translation of internal structures

A 
id = it
ego = I
superego= over I

*didn’t change the definitions tho

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7
Q

what is psychic conflict?

A

because the mind is divided, it can conflict with itself.

compromise formation: ego’s main job

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8
Q

what is compromise formation?

A

ego’s main job is to find a middle course between competing demands of motivation, morality, practicality + among the many things a person wants at the same time.

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9
Q

what is psychic energy

A

energy that makes the mind work

  • fixed+ finite amount available at any given moment
  • If impulse was not expressed, it would build up over time = catharsis needed to release (Not real)
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10
Q

what are the 2 fundamental motives?

- follows what?

A

libido: the life drive
thanatos: the death drive

follows doctrine of opposites

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11
Q

what is libido?

A

life/sex drive

  • makes mind function, drives psychological apparatus
  • sex is important part of it: procreation, also productivity, creativity, growth
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12
Q

what is thanatos?

A

the death drive

  • destructive activity that is irrational
  • everyone dies.
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13
Q

What are 3 aspects of each stage of psychological development

A
  • physical focus: where energy is concentrated and gratification obtained
  • psychological theme: physical focus + demands on the child from the world
  • adult character type: being fixated”/stalled in a stage
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14
Q

four stages of psychosexual development

A

oral, anal, phalic, genital

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15
Q

oral stage

  • when
  • physical focus?
A
  • from birth to 18 months

- the mouth, lips, tongue:

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16
Q

psychological theme of oral stage

A

dependency

  • having others provide needs
  • if fulfilled, attention + psychic energy move along
  • if unfulfilled (mistrust of others) or over-fulfilled (world cant treat them poorly) = problems
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17
Q

adult personality of oral stage

A

obsession, discomfort, fundamental irrationality about issue related to dependency or passivity

  • independent + refuse help
  • passive + wait for things to happen
  • ideal: accepts help, but not dependent on it, understands responsibility for own outcomes
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18
Q

when is anal stage? develop what? what is physical focus?

A

18 months to 3-4 years

  • develop ego
  • focus on anus + eliminative organs.
  • “having to go”
  • increased demands for obedience + self-control
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19
Q

psychological theme of anal stage

A

self-control and obedience

  • problems: unreasonable expectations or never demanding control
  • figure out how + how much to control self or by authority.
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20
Q

3 categorizations of parents

A
  1. authoritarian: firm control, no freedom
  2. authoritative: firm control, some freedom
  3. permissive: weak control, too much freedom

2 is best.

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21
Q

Adult personality re: anal stage?

A

Organized around control issues

  • too much control: obsessive, compulsive, orderly, rigid, subservient to authority.
  • no self-control, chaotic, disorganized, defy authority
  • ideal: determine organized, authority in balance.
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22
Q

when is phallic stage?

  • what develops?
  • what is physical focus? fear assoc?
A

3-4 years of age until 7yoa

  • develop superego
  • pf: coming to terms with sex differences. boys fear castration, girls upset that they were castrated (weaker superego)
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23
Q

Oedipus + electra complex’s

A
  • around 4yoa, covet opposite-sex parent.
  • if become like same-sex parent = less likely to be harmed, no hostile relation - live vicariously thru same-sex parent + develop superego)
    boy: desire mother, fear father
    girls: penis envy
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24
Q

boys + oedipus complex

A

castration anxiety

  • little hans: fear of horses because thought the horse would castrate him. dreams about being married to his mom.
  • didn’t like horses that resembled his father
  • resolution: identify with father, live vicariously thru him to love mom.
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25
Q

girls + electra complex

A

penis envy

  • weaker superego (??)
  • ID with mother, to “be” with dad.
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26
Q

psychological theme of phallic stage?

A

figure out what it means to be a boy or girl.

  • ID: take on same-sex parent attitude, value, ways to relate to opposite sex - sum = Superego
  • develop sexuality (feminine/masculine, jealousy/competition)
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27
Q

adult personality of phallic stage

A
  • overdeveloped or underdeveloped superego
  • rigid moral code or lacks moral code
  • homosexuality develops here (no basis, loves mom so much that doesn’t find other females likeable)
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28
Q

what, when is latency period?

A

6-7 yoa to 12yoa

  • end with puberty.
  • psychological respite to allow child to learn what they need in adult life.
  • no psych issue
29
Q

Genital stage

- when? physical focus?

A

during adolscence

  • achievement in adulthood, not everyone achieves.
  • focus on genitals, reproduction + giving life.
30
Q

psychological theme of genital stage

A

maturity:

- add something constructive to life + society. take on adult responsibilities

31
Q

adult personality of genital stage?

A

psychologically well-adjusted + balanced.

- “to love and to work”

32
Q

when do the 3 basic psychological structures develop?

A

id = oral
ego: anal
superego = phallic

33
Q

what is fixation? what is regression?

A

F: struggle with issue from the stage + retreat there when stressed

R: retreat to that stage by engaging in behaviour typical of that character

psychic energy in the stage where there is fixation = less psychic energy for later stages.

34
Q

two kinds of thinking?

A

primary process thinking: the way unconscious mind operates. no “no”, immediate gratification. id.

secondary process thinking: rational, practical, prudent, delay/redirect gratification. ego.

35
Q

three aspects of primary process thinking?

A

symbolization (feelings about house reflect feelings about family)
displacement (anger at father = direct @ authority)
condensation (compress several feelings into one)

36
Q

How does primary process thinking emerge into consciousness?

A
  • very young children
  • fever deliriums, dreams
  • people with psychosis
  • ordinary and indirect ways that primary process thinking influences conscious thought + overt behaviour.
37
Q

3 layers of consciousness

A

conscious: mental functioning
precionscious: ego, some superego.
unconscious: all id, some superego, some ego. need to psychologically dig.

38
Q

when does psychic conflict happen? what does it produce?

A
  • mind battles itself
  • id tracks wants; superego provides moral judgement; ego figures out rational thing to do.
  • conflict = anxiety
39
Q

latent homosexual feelings?

A

pushed out of action + awareness. source of anxiety

40
Q

what is compromise formation and why is it important?

A

each part of mind gets a bit of what it wants to relieve anxiety caused by tension

41
Q

what is realistic anxiety ?

A
  • mortal, relationships, performance + career = threat to self-esteem
  • need ideal amount of realistic anxiety.
42
Q

2 ideas for dealing with anxiety

A
  1. avoid it, even if have to lie/distort reality. it can lead to hopelessness + depression.
  2. problem to distort reality. avoid what is causing anxiety
43
Q

what are defenses?

A

responsibility of ego to keep disturbing parts of mental life safely locked inside unconscious

44
Q

define defense mechanisms?

A

techniques the ego uses to keep certain thoughts + impulses hidden in order to avoid anxiety

45
Q

name the defence mechanisms?

A
  1. denial
  2. repression
  3. reaction formation
  4. projection
  5. rationalization
  6. intellectualization
  7. displacement
  8. sublimation
46
Q

what is denial?

A

refuses to acknowledge source of anxiety, fails to perceive it.

  • persistent denial may be psythopathological
  • keeps individual from being overwhelmed
47
Q

what is repression?

A

banishing past from awareness, less outright negation of reality.
- too much energy on defenses = forbidden impulses work their way to consciousness

48
Q

what is reaction formation?

A

keep forbidden out of awareness + action by instigating their opposites.

  • esp when forbidden is dangerous or strong
  • exaggerate of oppostie response
49
Q

reaction formation sex guilt study

A

high in sex guilt: low self report of arousal, but high physiological arousal. threatened by arousal = claim opposite strongly

50
Q

what is projection?

A

attributing to somebody else a thought, impulse that is feared in oneself.

51
Q

projection study?

A

false feedback on personality test.

  • told to not think about it.
  • rated others lower on the traits they scored low on
52
Q

What is rationalization?

A

concocting seemingly rational case for why it had to be done

  • hallmark: ability of intelligent ppl to believe the implausible
  • justification for behaviour that would case shame + guilt
53
Q

what is trivialization?

A

convince self that shortcomings or regrettable actions dont matter.

54
Q

what is intellectualization?

A

turn feelings into thought

  • technical vocab that allows discussion of horrifying things without everyday, emotional language.
  • surgeon/military leaders.
  • drawback: forget about other ppl’s experience.
55
Q

what is displacement?

A

relocate object of emotional response from unsafe to safe target.

  • id fxn.
  • target resembles original object, but is socially acceptable.
  • problem if directed to innocent targets
  • doesnt work long-term.
  • catharsis doesn’t work
56
Q

what is sublimation?

A

type of displacement

  • relocate object of impulse such that result is high cultural attainment.
    • turn harm into goodness.
  • unique pattern of fixation = unique pattern of desire + interest.
  • primitive urge => constructive outcome.
57
Q

what is parapraxis?

A

“freudian slip”

- leakage from unconscious mind manifesting as mistake, accident, omission, memory lapse

58
Q

forgetting re:parapraxis

A

manifestation of unconscious conflict revealing itself in behaviour

  • result of repression
  • always a reason to forget.
59
Q

slips re: parapraxis

A

unintended actions caused by leakage of suppressed impulses. speech or action!

  • failure to suppress what one privately wishes to say.
  • deny meaning = more powerful/important
60
Q

humour re: parapraxis

A

forbidden impulse expressed in controlled manner

  • form of sublimation
  • express motivational impulse.
61
Q

what is a good joke?

A
  • juxtapose 2 things that are often seen as distinct.
  • motivational impulse expressed in safe, enjoyable way
  • allow problematic thoughts + id impulses to be enjoyed with tactic of surprise.
62
Q

most effective joke?

A

reprehensible, so release of impulse causes stronger emotional response.
- disguise around impulse is deeper

63
Q

bad joke?

A

not funny if :

  • listener doesnt have the forbidden impulse
  • underlying attitude may be revealed through sense of humour
  • if too direct
  • if joke doesn’t try to disguise impulse, or if too hostile.
64
Q

purpose of psychoanalytic therapy?

A

use various clues to reveal contents of unconscious

  • resolve conflict by bringing them into open.
  • painful, dangerous, anxiety in short term.
  • insight is key.
65
Q

what is therapeutic alliance?

A

emotional bond between therapist + client

66
Q

what is transference?

A

tendency to bring ways of thinking, feeling behaving that developed with one important person into later relationship with a different person

67
Q

what is countertransference?

A

when therapist develops feelings for patient

- therapist has to avoid acting on emotion.

68
Q

criticism of psychoanalytic therapy?

A
  • low cure rate, treatment lasted for many years.
  • found to work for some ppl .
  • @ end of day, freud uninterested in psychoanalysis as therapy. saw it as tool to understand human nature + culture

Psyco 333 (13 decks)

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