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Psyco 333 > Psychosocial > Flashcards

Psychosocial Flashcards

1
Q

critique of Psychoanalysis? (5)

A
  1. excessive complexity
  2. case study method
  3. vague definitions
  4. untestability
  5. sexism
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2
Q

Why is excessive complexity a critique?

A

theory is complex, violates occam’s razor.

- lot too it that is too hard to explain. oedipus + electra complex

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3
Q

why is case study method a critique?

A

data wasnt made public, freud couldn’t reveal the case studies to protect patient privacy.

  • uncheckable may be biased, unscientific
  • only recently have ppl started to test the key ideas.
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4
Q

why are vague definitions a critique?

A

rare use of operational definitions

  • unsure what freud meant by psychic energy.
  • doesnt provide answers to some important specific questions
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5
Q

why is untestability a critique?

A

should be disconfirmable: show why it’s false, or not false. test + parsimony.

  • no observations to test
  • can hypotheses be tested individually?
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6
Q

why is sexism a critique?

A

freud considered males the norm + baesd theories off their psychology

  • females as aberrations/deviations from male model.
  • electra not as well developed as oedipus
  • weak superego, but doesnt say why
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7
Q

why should we study freud if there are so many critiques?

A
  • influences psychotherapy
  • entered pop culture
  • freudian thought = revival in research psychology
  • only complete theory of personality
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8
Q

what kind of assessment techniques does freud use?

- some examples?

A

projective assessment techniques: unconscious themes reveal self will be projected on to ambiguous stimuli

  • free association, word association
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9
Q

what is the free association assessment technique?

A

patient is put into a state of relaxation while reclining on a couch. asked to freely associate by telling whatever thoughts come to mind

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10
Q

what is word association assessment technique?

A

respond as wuickly as possible to 100 words + report whatever comes to mind.

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11
Q

what is dream analysis? theory name?

A

unconscious conflicts expressed through themes inherent in our dreams.
- dream symbolism theory: certain objects represent male + female forms of sexuality

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12
Q

what are two types of content in dream analysis?

A

manifest: sensory images in the dream
latent: deeper meaning or significance of the dream

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13
Q

what is latent content effected by?

A
  1. sensory stimulation
  2. current concerns, occupations in waking daily life.
  3. unconscious impulses-
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14
Q

freud’s universal symbolic code

A
  • universal symbolic code of the unconscious mind
  • certain symbols meant the same thing to everybody.
  • later decided, meanings vary for every individual
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15
Q

Focus after freud?

A
  • not as emphasized

- focus on interpersonal aspects of life (early relationships affect other relations)

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16
Q

two reasons to dislike freud?

A
  1. his ideas are a threat to ego + narcissism.

2. uncomfy to talk about his ideas.

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17
Q

names of latter day theoriests?

A
  • anna freud
  • bettelheim
  • erikson
  • jung
  • adler
  • horney
  • stack sullivan
  • klein
  • winnicott
  • murray
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18
Q

common deviations in neo-freud from freud.

A
  1. sex is less important
  2. less emphasis on unconscious mental processes
  3. less emphasis on drives and mental life
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19
Q

discuss why neo-freudians put less emphasis on sex

A
  • reinterpret libido as general motivation toward life + creativity
  • freud believed deemphasizing sex did so bc of own anxieties
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20
Q

discuss why neo-freudians put less emphasis on unconscious mental processes

A

more on conscious thought.

- interest in processes driving perception + conscious comprehension of reality

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21
Q

loevinger + ego

A

ego’s function is to make sense of everything a person experiences
- story of development = story of ego development through relating to self, others society, autonomy.

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22
Q

discuss less emphasis on drives + mental life in neo-freudians

A

focus on interpersonal relations > drives + mental life as source of difficulties

  • adler, erikson
  • object relations theorists: ppl replay certain relationship patterns throughout life.
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23
Q

Adler’s ideas

A
  • thought freud focused too much on sex.
  • social interest
  • organ inferiority
  • masculine protest
  • style of life
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24
Q

what is adler’s social interest?

A

desire to relate positively and productively with other people

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25
Q

what is adler’s organ inferiority?

A

ppl are motivated to succeed in adulthood in order to compensate for whatever THEY BELIEVED was weakest aspect in childhood

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26
Q

what is adler’s masculine protest?

A

compensation for past feeling of inadequacy + inferiority, through desire of an adult to act + become powerful

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27
Q

adler’s style of life?

A

individuals compensations for perceived childhood inferiorities = mode of behaviour

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28
Q

Jung + freud’s fall out

A

close friends, jung’s ideas departed. dramatic + bitter fall out bc freud had high hopes for jung

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29
Q

what about jung’s ideas more irritated freud?

A
  • increase interest in mystical + spiritual matters
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30
Q

two major concepts of Jung’s

A
  • collective unconscious

- archetypes

31
Q

what is the collective unconscious

A
  • all people share certain unconscious ideas because of the history of the human species
32
Q

what are archetypes?

A

fundamental images of people that are contained in collective unconscious

33
Q

4 types of archetypes

A
  1. persona: social mask one wears in public dealings
  2. anima: idea/prototype of female as held in mind of a male
  3. animus: idealized image of male in mind of a female
  4. shadow: dark side of personality that is in all of us
34
Q

danger with persona?

A

individual may comes to identify as persona over oneself.

35
Q

issue with anima/us

A

basis for thought about opposite sex.

- can lead to misunderstanding, disagreement if prototype matches poorly to what the opposite sex is like

36
Q

archetypes in pop culture

A
  • books, movies: hero, wise old man.

- synchronicity

37
Q

define synchronicity

A

inner rhythm of the universe connecting us all

38
Q

other jungian ideas?

A 
distinguished introverts (psychological inward) from extraverts (oriented toward external)
- classified 4 basic ways of thinking
39
Q

Jung’s 4 basic ways of thinking

A
  • rational thinking: recognize meaning of things
  • feeling: determine value of things
  • sensing: what exists in the world
  • intuiting: where things come from + where are they going
40
Q

Jung’s basic ways of thinking

  • is there a best one?
  • what jobs tend to favour which one?
  • how did it permeate pop culture?
A
  • best to have a bit of each in equal balance (rare), none that are best but there is usually prominent one.
  • engineer = rational. artist =feeling. religious leader = intuiting. detective = sensing.
  • in myers-briggs type indicator.
41
Q

Horney ideas

A
  • self- analysis (deal with psych conflict when professional isn’t available)
  • disagreed with “penis envy” (women may wish to be men bc men are freer + able to pursue ambitions. structure of society not body)
  • adult behaivour based on overcoming anxiety (fear of being alone + helpless) acquired in childhood
  • avoiding anxiety = neurotic needs. (loved by everyone, dominate everyone, need life partner to solve problems = contradictory, lead to problems)
42
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Development

A

not all conflicts in unconscious mind

- basic conflicts at various stages of life, throughout life.

43
Q

freud vs erikson personality development: 0-2YEARS

A

F: oral
E: trust vs mistrust
- helpless, dependent. want needs satisfied.
- develop hope, but not arrogance

44
Q

freud vs erikson personality development: 3-4YEARS

A

f: anal
e: autonomy vs shame/doubt
- acquire language, direction, orders, pressure to obey but autonomy.
- ideal: strike balance, develop will.

45
Q

freud vs erikson personality development: 4-7YEARS

A

F: phallic (sexual fantasy, plan life)
e: initiative vs guilt (if adult doesnt respond well to initiative = guilt. sense of morality

46
Q

freud vs erikson personality development: 8-12 YEARS

A

F: latency (break from development, learn skills to be adult)
E: industry vs inferiority (learn skills + attitudes to be good at work, competence, workmanship, do something in world)

47
Q

freud vs erikson personality development: 13+ YEARS

A

F: Genital (over adulthood - last stage. rare to get to)

E: identity vs identity confusion; intimacy vs isolation; generativity vs stagnation; integrity vs despair

48
Q

E: identity vs identity confusion

A

figure out who they are, values, goals. etc.

49
Q

E: intimacy vs isolation

A

find life partner to share important life experiences with

50
Q

E: generativity vs stagnation

A

comfort, settled or challenge in investing in new generation.

51
Q

E: integrity vs despair

A

regret life or developed wisdom. pass on important things to next generation

52
Q

two major contributions of erikson’s

A
  1. social basis of development

2. lifespan development; not limited to kids

53
Q

what is object relaitons theory?

A

psychoanalytic study of interpersonal relations (unconscious images, feelings associated with important ppl in life)
- relate to others via images in our minds =/= reality

54
Q

principle theme of object relations theory

A
  1. every relationship has satisfaction, frustration, pleasure + pain
  2. mix of love + hate
  3. distinction between parts of love object + whole person
  4. psyche is aware of + distributed by contradictory feelings.
55
Q

who thought that every relation has satisfaction, frustration + pleasure/pain
- meaning?

A

melanie klein:

- said first important object is mother’s breast.

56
Q

object relations: mix of love + hate

A

important objecta are both pleasure + frustration

- love will never be unmixed with frustration + resentment

57
Q

object relations: distinct between love object + whole person

A
  • person’s attributes for own enjoyment =/= loving whole person
58
Q

object relations: psyche is aware of + disturbed by contradictory feelings

A
  • love is often accompanied by anger, envy, fear, guilt

- love when they’re around, frustrated with them when they’re not.

59
Q

Melanie Klein’s contribution?

A

treatment of children

  • communicated with and diagnosed children through play
  • love objects split into good + bad
60
Q

name for two parts of the individual?

A

DEPRESSIVE position: good side, protect, worship

PARANOID position: bad side, frsutrate, anger,

61
Q

winnicott - contribution?

A

niffle - transitional object that child used to bridge gap between private fantasy and reality.
- has magical, emotional meaning

62
Q

function of transitional object

A

make change from time when adult is constantly caring for them to time where face world alone.

  • real object, emotional meaning.
  • adults can have these too.
63
Q

the false self

A
  • “put on” for other’s to please them.
  • protect true self by keeping it invisible
  • purpose of psychotherapy = help minimize discrepancies btw true + false self.
    = help rational resources of mind work through irrational defenses.
64
Q

current areas of psychoanalytic research?

A
  • independent mental process that conflict
  • unconscous mental processes
  • compromise among mental processes
  • self-defense, self-deception
  • infleunce of past on current
  • influence of sexual/aggressive urges
65
Q

what is attachment theory?

A

theoretical perspective that draws on psychoanalytic thought to describe the development and importance of human attachments to emotionally significant other people

66
Q

john bowlby- thoughts that led to development of attachments

A

fear of being alone = motivated desire for protection from someone with an interest in survival + well-being = attachment

67
Q

2 lessons learned from early experiences with attachment figures

A
  1. belief about ppl one relies on will be there (or not)

2. belief about the self (not worthy of care)

68
Q

mary ainsworth - came up with?

A

strange situation paradigm for finding out type of infant

69
Q

ainsworth - 3 types of infants

A
  1. secure: be there in times of need. upset when left, greet mom happily, calmed easy. looks for encouragement from mom. can be insecure
  2. anxious-ambivalent: inconsistent behaviour, vigilant, weary + watchful of mom. distresses when leaves, not calmed when comes back.
  3. anxious- avoidant: tension/anxiety, but doesnt go to mom for comfort. hostile, alienate.
70
Q

attachment styles - progression?

A

self-fulfilling in nature

  • ambivalent: clingy or dislike ppl = others avoid them
  • avoidant: make ppl angry = others avoid them
  • secure = likable, ppl come to them.
71
Q

romantic attachment styles

A

infant attachment styles translate to romantic life. have consequences in interactions with partner

72
Q

bartholomew’s attachment style model (4)

A

-thoughts of self + thoughts of partner
secure: (+) about self + partner
dismissive (avoidant): (+) self, (-) others.
fearful [avoidant] (-) self, (-) others
preoccupied [ambivalent]: ((-) self, (+) others

73
Q

established neo-freudian ideas

A
  • much of life is unconscious
  • mind does many things at once + is in conflict
  • events of childhood shape adult personality
  • relationship with significant other repeated through life
  • psych development = moving from unregulated, immature to regulated + mature.

Psyco 333 (13 decks)

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