Textbook 2.2 - 2.4 Flashcards
The many changes that turn a fertilized egg into a newborn human:
Prenatal Development
A fertilized egg:
Zygote
Small cluster of cells near the center of the zygote that eventually develop into a baby:
Germ Disc
A structure through which nutrients and wastes are exchanged between the pregnant woman and the developing child:
Placenta
The zygote burrows into the uterine wall and establishes connections with a woman’s blood vessel:
Implantation
The name for the zygote after it is completely implanted in the uterine wall:
Embryo
The inner sac in which the developing child rests:
Amnion
The fluid that surrounds the fetus:
Amniotic Fluid
The structure containing veins and arteries that connect the developing child to the placenta:
Umbilical Cord
The longest period of prenatal development, extending from the 9th until the 38th week of conception:
Period of the Fetus
The age, typically 22-28 weeks after conception, at which a fetus can survive if born because most of its bodily systems function adequately:
Age of Viability
Nutrition, stress, and a pregnant woman’s age:
General Risk Factors
Ways stress harms prenatal development (4):
- The fetus receives less oxygen.
- Stress weakens the immune system, making the mother more susceptible to illness.
- Increases likelihood of smoking, drinking alcohol, and neglecting rest, exercise, and nutrition.
- May cause genetic changes that affect behavior regulation
An agent that causes abnormal prenatal development:
Teratogen
Examples of teratogens (3):
Drugs, Infectious Diseases, Environmental Hazards
Each organ or structure has a sensitive period during prenatal development, during which its development may be disturbed:
Sensitive Periods in Development
A disorder affecting babies whose mothers consumed large amounts of alcohol while they were pregnant:
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
3 Stages of labor and delivery:
Stage 1: Uterus contracts (12-24 hours for a first birth).
Stage 2: Baby passes through the cervix and enters the vagina.
Stage 3: Placenta is expelled after a few more pushes.
A birth complication in which umbilical blood flow is disrupted and the infant does not receive adequate oxygen:
Hypoxia
Babies born before the 36th week after conception:
Preterm (Premature)
The percentage of infants who die before their first birthday:
Infant Mortality Rates
