Textbook (1.3) Flashcards
What is Systematic Observation?
Watching people and carefully recording what they do or say.
Define Naturalistic Observation.
A technique in which people are observed as they behave spontaneously in some real-life situation.
What are Structured Observations?
The researcher creates a setting that is likely to elicit the behavior of interest.
What does Sampling Behavior with Tasks involve?
Observing how a person responds to tasks.
What are Self-Reports?
People’s answers to questions about the topic of interest.
Define Reliability in research.
The extent to which a measure provides a consistent index of a characteristic.
What is Validity in research?
The extent to which a measure actually assesses what researchers think it assesses.
What is a Correlational Study?
An investigation that looks at relations between variables as they exist naturally in the world.
What does the Correlation Coefficient express?
The strength and direction of a relation between two variables.
What is Experimental Research?
A systematic way of manipulating the key factor or factors that the investigator thinks cause a particular behavior.
What characterizes Qualitative Research?
Gaining an in-depth understanding of human behavior and what governs it.
What is a Longitudinal Study?
A research design in which the same individuals are observed or tested repeatedly at different points in their lives.
Define Cross-Sectional Study.
A study in which developmental differences are identified by testing people of different ages.
What are Cohort Effects?
Problems with cross-sectional designs in which differences between age groups may result from environmental events as well as developmental processes.
What is a Sequential Design?
A developmental research design based on cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.
Ethics in research state that methods must not ___ _______ __.
Violate participants’ rights
What must happen before a proposed study can be conducted?
A review panel must approve the study.
What is required from each participant or parent/guardian before a study?
They must be informed of what the study entails and give consent.
