text quizzes history

Question 1

What did the Grand Review symbolize?
Bitterness over the carnage of the Civil War
An attempt to intimidate the South.
Sectional polarization.
A national consciousness.

Answer 1

A national consciousness.

Question 2

All of the following contributed to the explosive industrial growth of the United States after the Civil War EXCEPT:
Abundant natural resources
Immigration
Strict government regulation of business
Liberal patent laws
Protective tariff

Answer 2

Strict government regulation of business

Question 3

Railroads stimulated the overall economy in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
They were a major customer of other industries such as steel and coal
They facilitated economic specialization
Government ownership increased revenue
Made possible the emergence of a large domestic market
Facilitated technological advances

Answer 3

Government ownership increased revenue

Question 4

Which of the following is the most important reason Standard Oil achieved global market dominance?
Its scientists found new technical processes for refining oil more efficiently.
It was one of the first companies to invest heavily in advertising.
Its business organization allowed it to purchase and control its competitors.
Rockefeller was lucky to find the highest-quality oil on his Ohio farm and sell it for profit.
It bought out the Erie Railroad in order to keep transportation charges of goods low.

Answer 4

Its business organization allowed it to purchase and control its competitors.

Question 5

How did the J. Pierpont Morgan Company grow into a powerful and successful monopoly?
1It pioneered mail-order catalogs, enabling millions of isolated farm families to purchase consumer goods.
2It helped competing corporations merge, including the creation of large railroad and steel trusts.
3 It employed the newly invented Bessemer converter to revolutionize early steel production.
4 It monopolized oil refining and pioneered a new form of business organization called the trust.
5It monopolized the production of electric dynamos, which was increasingly used in most forms of factory production during the period.

Answer 5

It helped competing corporations merge, including the creation of large railroad and steel trusts.

Question 6

All of the following is true of the emergence of the mail order catalog and chain stores EXCEPT:
They helped create a nationwide “community of consumption.”
They made goods more expensive for consumers
They often faced opposition from local business
Local communities often found their way of life disrupted

Answer 6

They made goods more expensive for consumers

Question 7

How did the lives of workers change during industrialization? Select the one that is NOT true.
Millions of new jobs were created
Many benefitted from the overall rise in the standard of living
Increases in the cost of goods made it harder for them to keep up
They often faced dangerous conditions in the factories
Increased use of machinery forced many into lower paying jobs

Answer 7

Increases in the cost of goods made it harder for them to keep up

Question 8

All of the following are true of the emergence of labor unions in the late 19th century EXCEPT:
Americans were historically reluctant to join unions.
They were the best means workers had to challenge the power of owners.
The most successful unions were made up of unskilled workers
Racial and ethnic differences brought tensions
Time and again they faced major setbacks

Answer 8

Racial and ethnic differences brought tensions

Question 9

Which of the following was an unintended consequence of the growth of urban populations at the turn of the century?
a decrease in the number of immigrants overall in the United States
fewer factories located in cities
the decline of immigration
the growth of disease from the lack of sanitation in crowded city neighborhoods
a decline in the diversity of immigrant groups in cities

Answer 9

the growth of disease from the lack of sanitation in crowded city neighborhoods

Question 10

All of the following is true of urban political bosses and their machines EXCEPT:
They had a great deal of political power
They rejected the corrupt politics of the Gilded Age.
They were generally tied to the Democratic Party
They often took care of the needs of the urban poor
Many urban immigrants turned to them for help

Answer 10

They were generally tied to the Democratic Party

Question 11

After 1870, how did immigration to the United States change?
It gradually slowed down
More immigrants came from Britain and Germany
More immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe
Increasing numbers of Protestants arrived
There were fewer calls for restrictions

Answer 11

More immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe

Question 12

The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 took what stance toward the Native Americans of the Plains?
It sought to grant Native Americans larger reservations because of broken government promises and treaties.
It gave each Native American tribe up to 520 acres of land and provided a production quota, often well beyond what the land could sustain.
It sought to “Americanize” Indians by forcing them to become self-reliant farmers that individually owned their own land.
It granted Native Americans U.S. citizenship and specified other civil rights that they would be guaranteed.
It granted immunity from federal laws governing alcohol and gambling licenses.

Answer 12

It sought to “Americanize” Indians by forcing them to become self-reliant farmers that individually owned their own land.

Question 13

Which of the following did Frederick Jackson Turner argue in his “frontier thesis”?
Western settlement had essentially been one great failure, and the American public should be ashamed of the exploitation it had caused.
The only way for the United States to settle the frontier was through peaceful relations with the Native Americans.
American culture and identity developed from the ways in which the frontier shaped those who lived on it.
With the end of the western settlement, the nation needed a new frontier to explore and, therefore, should seek an overseas empire.
The American frontier was just a myth, and the people of the nation own all land communally.

Answer 13

American culture and identity developed from the ways in which the frontier shaped those who lived on it.

Question 14

How did expansionists justify imperialism in the late nineteenth century?
They hoped to decrease the amount of government spending that went into the nation’s military.
They wished to experiment with other types of government than democracy.
They sought racial equality and thought this could be achieved through a more diverse society.
They sought to spread their Christian and democratic beliefs to other parts of the world.
They wished to help the United States become less entangled in foreign affairs and more focused on domestic issues.

Answer 14

They sought to spread their Christian and democratic beliefs to other parts of the world.

Question 15

Which of the following was a tenet of The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783?
The United States should remain isolated from overseas affairs and instead focus on western expansion in its own continent.
A powerful navy is essential for protecting national interests and developing global commerce.
The United States had invested too much in its navy over the years and should instead focus on the army.
The United States should focus on small covert operations as opposed to large battleships and global bases.
Pursuing new markets overseas would only bring financial ruin to the United States.

Answer 15

A powerful navy is essential for protecting national interests and developing global commerce.

Question 16

Why was America sympathetic to the Cuban revolution against Spain?
The strategic importance of Cuba
Extensive American business interests
Americans were outraged by the Spanish atrocities in Cuba
Long time American interest in acquiring Cuba
All of the above

Answer 16

All of the above

Question 17

President McKinley was pushed into war with Spain for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
1The document critical of President McKinley written by the Spanish ambassador to the United States.
2 American leaders wanted to protect the Spanish economy and destroy the Cuban economy in an effort to benefit their own.
3 American sugar and mining companies were heavily invested in Cuba and had growing concern about the security of their investments.
4 “Yellow Journalism” inflamed public opinion in favor of war
5 Explosion of the American battleship Maine

Answer 17

American leaders wanted to protect the Spanish economy and destroy the Cuban economy in an effort to benefit their own.

Question 18

The Spanish-American War:
Proved a short and decicive American Victory
by the Spanish ambassador to the United States.
American leaders wanted to protect the Spanish economy and destroy the Cuban economy in an effort to benefit their own.
American sugar and mining companies were heavily invested in Cuba and had growing concern about the security of their investments.
“Yellow Journalism” inflamed public opinion in favor of war
Explosion of the American battleship Maine

Answer 18

Proved a short and decisive American victory

Question 19

What made deciding the fate of the Philippines a problem for McKinley?
War fever made the public anxious to annex them and create a new state
There was a strong move to return them to Spain since the war had been over Cuba.
It was not clear how to give the Philippines stability while remaining consistent with American principles
Philippine leader Aguinaldo was pressing for annexation by the United States
None of the above

Answer 19

It was not clear how to give the Philippines stability while remaining consistent with American principles

Question 20

All of the following are true of Anti-imperialist opposition to annexation of the Philippines EXCEPT:
Opponents were many and varied
Some believed it violated American principles to rule over another people and deprive them of government by their consent
Racial and ethnic prejudices motivated many.
Labor was concerned by competition from foreign workers
Southern Democrats joined with Western Republicans to oppose annexation

Answer 20

Southern Democrats joined with Western Republicans to oppose annexation

Question 21

What was the United States policy toward Asia:
The U.S. government decided to assist the Boxer rebels in China, much as it had assisted the Cuban rebels.
The U.S. government decided to pursue interests in Asia on its own rather than collaborating with Great Britain.
The U.S. government successfully prevented Japanese military expansion throughout the first half of the eighteenth century.
The U.S. government supported the plan of powerful European nations to split China among themselves.
The U.S. government took measures to end most trade with Asia because it found European trade to be more profitable.

Answer 21

The U.S. government decided to pursue interests in Asia on its own rather than collaborating with Great Britain.

Question 22

What did advocates of the social gospel believe?
Social Darwinism held the answer to problems of modern society and should be implemented in legislation.
Churches needed to help solve the problems created by a rapidly industrializing and urbanizing society.
Karl Marx’s call for a socialist revolution was necessary to fix the problems created by industrialization.
A tax-supported, state-sponsored church should serve as a unifying force among different social classes.
True salvation for society would come with secularization and turning away from traditional religion.

Answer 22

Churches needed to help solve the problems created by a rapidly industrializing and urbanizing society.

Question 23

Which of the following statements describes the scope of the progressive impulse?
Progressivism was primarily an urban movement and almost solely made up of Democrats.
Progressivism was primarily an eastern movement comprised mostly of working-class reformers.
Progressivism was a primarily northern movement that focused on women’s issues.
Progressivism was a national movement that included both rural and urban reformers of different backgrounds.
Progressivism was a primarily rural movement that, most of all, built upon the successes of populism.

Answer 23

Progressivism was a national movement that included both rural and urban reformers of different backgrounds.

Question 24

Who gave the famous “cross of gold” speech?
Grover Cleveland
Theodore Roosevelt
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley
John M. Palmer

Answer 24

William Jennings Bryan

Question 25

Which of the following statements describes the differences between progressivism and Populism?
1Progressivism mainly appealed to poor White immigrants
2 Progressivism was a urban and middle-class movement, while Populism appealed to poor farmers in the South and Midwest.
3 Progressivism appealed only to Republicans, while Populism was a nonpartisan movement.
4Populism was centered in the Northeast
5Progressivism was a nonpartisan movement centered in the South

Answer 25

Progressivism was a middle-urban class movement while Populism appealed to poor farmers in the South and Midwest

Question 26

What did the muckrakers consider their primary objective?
converting Americans to socialism
exposing social problems to the public
increasing the circulation of sensationalist newspapers
proposing detailed legislation
destroying the Republican party

Answer 26

exposing social problems to the world

Question 27

The Progressive ethic of disinterestedness tended to support:
private ownership of public utilities
reliance on the market to meet public needs
large business combinations to prevent one business from becoming too powerful
the belief that much of governance should be turned over to unelected experts.
trust in democratic institutions.

Answer 27

The belief that much of governance should be turned over to un-elected experts

Question 28

Progressive support for the Temperance movement was primarily based on:
moral objections
their belief that human nature was inherently evil
the view that alcohol was the source of many other social problems
the idea that religion could solve social issues
all of the above

Answer 28

A view that Alcoholism was the source of many other social problems

Question 29

All of the following are aspects of progressive support for the eugenics movement EXCEPT:
racism

cultural attitudes

It was endorsed by prominent individuals and organizations

rejection of science in guiding reforms

an implicit paternalism

Answer 29

Rejection of science in guided reforms

Question 30

What did progressives want to do with capitalism?
combine it with socialism
reform and regulate it
replace it with socialism
nationalize capitalist industries
deregulate business and industry

Answer 30

Reform and Regulate it

Question 31

What was Theodore Roosevelt’s position on environmental conservation?
He believed strongly that natural resources should be preserved, but he felt that this was a matter for state, not federal, action.
He angered many conservationists with his appointment of Gifford Pinchot, a businessman with no experience in conservation, as head of the Division of Forestry.
He believed in conservation of natural resources and, as a result, set aside federal land for conservation purposes.
He was worried about what limits placed on logging and mining opportunities would do to the economy and, thus, attacked promoters of conservation.
He remained indifferent on the issue of conservation, leaving the matter entirely up to Congress.

Answer 31

He believed in the conservation of natural resources, and as a result, he set aside federal land for conservation purposes

Question 32

Wilson accomplished all of the following during his first term EXCEPT:
lower tariffs
federal income tax
civil rights legislation
creation of the Federal Reserve
stronger anti-trust legislation

Answer 32

Civil rights legislation

Question 33

In which ways did the Great War change the world?
by stopping Communism from spreading in Europe and halting Russia’s plan to become a superpower
by ending a long period of optimism and replacing it with anxiety and doubt
by confirming the United States’ long tradition of isolationism
by introducing modern warfare techniques and weaponry, reducing casualties
by establishing the lack of postwar collaboration between democratic nations as the norm

Answer 33

By ending a long period of optimism and replacing it with fear and doubt

Question 34

What was the response by President Wilson to the outbreak of war?
President Wilson immediately called on Congress to build up American military strength and to begin the conscription of young male soldiers.
Most Americans were sympathetic to the Central powers, so Wilson worried he would not have enough support to declare war and join the Allies.
Wilson publicly declared that loaning money to nations at war was inconsistent with the true spirit of neutrality.
He reaffirmed American neutrality, including the freedom of neutral nations to trade freely.
John J. Pershing was already on his way with tens of thousands of troops, because Wilson had already signed a pact with Great Britain and France.

Answer 34

He reaffirmed American neutrality including the freedom of neutral nations to trade freely

Question 35

Which of the following describes the experience of most soldiers fighting in France during the Great War?
They had to be very mobile because the battlefront changed radically from week to week, transitioning between the Western Front and Eastern Front.
They fought a war of attrition, often in miserable conditions, suffering massive artillery attacks and then facing enemy fire to seize well-protected trenches.
They fought small-scale battles that afforded them chances to display individual bravery and courage, and they used weapons that had been available for centuries in new ways.
They fought much as their great-grandfathers had during the nineteenth century: in tightly packed formations, shooting volleys into the ranks of the enemy.
They fought a guerilla war, because after Germany invaded and captured Paris, French resistance fighters formed partisan bands that harassed their occupiers.

Answer 35

They fought a war of attrition, often miserable conditions

Question 36

What was President Wilson’s response to the sinking of the Lusitania?
to follow Theodore Roosevelt’s advice and declare war on Germany
to abandon any hopes of peace talks with Germany and refuse to send diplomats
to promote Williams Jennings Bryan in his cabinet and give him greater control of the war effort
He demanded Germany disavow their actions, but stopped short of issuing an ultimatum.
to request that Congress vote on whether to formally enter the Great War then and there

Answer 36

He demanded germany disavow there actions but stoped short of issuing an ultimatum

Question 37

What was the significance of the Zimmermann telegram?
As a result, frightened Americans urged Wilson to stay out of the war.
It announced Germany’s decision to wage unrestricted submarine warfare on U.S. coasts.
It announced Germany’s decision to wage unrestricted submarine warfare on U.S. coasts.
It revealed the plot to overthrow the Tsar
It showed German intentions to collaborate in a possible invasion on the United States.

Answer 37

It showed German intentions to collaborate on an invasion of the US

Question 38

What effect did the Great War have on the lives of American women?
Due to the desperate need for troops women were encouraged to join the armed forces
Women remained confined to traditional roles within the domestic sphere.
They were only permitted to support the war effort in traditional ways, such as volunteering for the Red Cross, running fund-raising drives, and working as nurses.
Most women who attained nontraditional wartime roles kept them for the rest of their careers and helped train a new generation of workers.
Due to the large number of men in the armed forces, women were encouraged to take jobs that had been held primarily by men.

Answer 38

Due to the large number of men in the armed forces, women were encouraged to take jobs that had been held primarily by men.

Question 39

What was the purpose of the Creel Committee?
to combat the growing presence of Communism in the United States following the end of the Great War
to protect civil liberties
to provide an independent, nonpartisan source where Americans could find information about the causes of the war and the nations involved in the fight
to shape public perceptions about the war to generate support for the American war effort
to organize dissent against American involvement in the war

Answer 39

To shape the public perceptions about the war to generate support for the American effort

Question 40

Which of the following was true of the Espionage and Sedition Acts of 1917 and 1918?
They were merely scare tactics, as no one was actually convicted.
Speaking and writing against Germany and Italy became a crime.
Criticizing American government leaders or war policies became a crime.
They were a demonstration of Wilson’s commitment to protect civil liberties.
Few politicians criticized the legislation, and they received unanimous support.

Answer 40

Criticizing American government leaders or war policies became a crime.

Question 41

All of the following are true of American military involvement in WWI EXCEPT:
They did not see significant action until spring 1918
They had little impact in bringing a conclusion to fighting
American casualties were relatively small compared to the other countries
A million American troops were involved in the drive to Sedan

Answer 41

Had little impact in bringing the conclusion of the war

Question 42

Which of the following was true of Wilson’s Fourteen PointsHe wanted to restore a just and last peace by addressing what he saw as the causes of the war and creating a League of Nations
They called for the punishment of Germany
He argued that the principle of self-determination must be limited because it fueled the type of nationalism that had helped lead to war
Colonized peoples should be moved and grouped together to decrease tensions
Armaments should be expanded by the major powers in order to create a stalemate and avoid war

Answer 42

He wanted to restore a just and last peace by addressing what he saw as the causes of the war and creating a League of Nations

Question 43

In negotiating among the Big Four over postwar territorial issues, President Wilson did which of the following?
He remained true to his core values.
He visited Europe for the talks only briefly, as he was consumed with domestic issues.
He demanded that democratic states be established in all cases.
He abandoned his principles of national self-determination.
He compromised only when it benefited America.

Answer 43

He abandoned his principals of self-determination

Question 44

Wilson launched a nationwide speaking tour in order to rally support for ratification. What was the result?
Public support was overwhelming and the Senate ratified the treaty.
Public support was overwhelming but Lodge continued to block ratification.
Opinion turned against ratification and it was voted down
Public opinion was against ratification so Wilson withdrew the request
After Wilson’s stroke, public sympathy increased his popularity.

Answer 44

Opinion turned against ratification and it was voted down