Text pages 162-193 Flashcards
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, b/f GD
Born 1882. 1905, married 5th cousin Eleanor Roosevelt. Graduated Columbia Law School. NY senate, assistant secretary of the navy. 1921, age 39, hit w/ polio. 1928, became governor of New York.
First women in presidential cabinet
Frances Perkins, secretary of labor.
First 100 days of Frank’s presidency
Created CCC, AAA, FERA, TVA, HOLC, NRA, PWA, FCA, FDIC. Stopped the run on banks. Emergency Banking Relief Act (banks reopen when Treasury Department ruled they were sound).
CCC
Civilian Conservation Corps. Men 18-25, clear roads and trails, fight fires, built picnic areas. March 3, 1933-1941.
AAA
Agricultural Adjustment Administration. Boost farm prices by reducing production, advise and assist farmers. May 12, 1933-ending mostly in 1936.
FERA
Federal Emergency Relief Administration. Provide direct relief, like money of food. May 12, 1933-1936.
TVA
Tennessee Valley Authority. Develop resources of Tennessee Valley and six other states. May 18, 1933-present.
HOLC
Home Owners Loan Corporation. Help people refinance mortgages. June 13, 1933-1950
NRA
National Recovery Administration. Revive American business, work with employers and labor unions to establish fair wages and hours, ended child labor, and right for unions to bargain collectively. June 13, 1933-1935.
PWA
Public Works Administration. Employment on public works, building schools, city halls, and public gardens. June 13, 1933-1937.
FCA
Farm Credit Administration. Credit system for farmers. June 16, 1933-1939 when became part of Department of Agriculture.
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. System for guaranteed individual bank deposits. Still in operation.
Drought during GD
No rain in 1933-1936. Affected 10 states, Dakotas to Texas. Worst area, the Dust Bowl, affected parts of Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado.
Dorothea Lange
1895-1965. Depression era portrait photographer.
REA
Rural Electrification Administration. Electricity to farms. May 11, 1935-1939, became part of Department of Agriculture.
Second New Deal
- Included Social Security Act, National Labor Relations Board, Works Progress Administration.
NYA
National Youth Administration. Jobs and training for people ages 16-25. April 8, 1935-1942.
WPA
Works Progress Administration. Employment on public works. April 8, 1935-1942.
NLRB
National Labor Relations Board. Guarantee rights of workers. July 5, 1935-present.
SSB
Social Security Board. Social security system. August 14, 1935-present.
Mary McLeod Bethune
Director of Negro Affairs for NYA, consultant to US war secretary, consultant to UN charter conference. Founded National Council of Negro Women, served vice president of NAACP.
Germany takes Czechoslovakia
March 1939
Germany invades Poland
Sept. 1, 1939
Great Britain and France declare war against Germany
Sept. 3, 1939
Neutrality Act passed
Nov. 4, 1939
Spring-Summer, 1940
Germany conquers Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France.
Pearl Harbor attack
Dec. 7, 1941
Germany surrenders
May 8, 1945
France surrendered to Germans
June 22, 1940
Battle of Britain
July-October 1940. First London air raid Sept 7, 1940. Germans abandoned invasion plans in October.
America siding with Britain
May 1940-March 1941. May, started building funds; September, peacetime draft. March, 1941, weapons and supplies to British.
Axis powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan
Allied powers
Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, and United States.
Spring-fall 1941.
Germany invading Soviet Union. Bombing raids on Great Britain ended. Submarine attacks intensified.
Result of Pearl Harbor
Declaration of United Nations Jan 1, 1942.
When Japan joined war
Joined war with the axis powers in Sept 1940.
Women army corps
Army - WAAC: Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps
Navy - WAVES: Women Appointed for Voluntary Emergency Service
Air Corps - WAFS: Women’s Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron
Coast Guard: Women Reserves
Marine Corps: Women Marines.
Production
16 million women in the workplace, replacing the men fighting. By 1943, US outproducing Germany, Italy, and Japan combined.
Italy, Winter 1942-Summer 1943
July, 1943: Italian government overthrew Mussolini. Germany took over Italy.
Fall 1942-Spring 1943
German conquered most of North Africa. Nov 9, 1942 British and American forces invaded. May 1943, Axis powers in Africa surrendered.
D-Day
June 6, 1944. Operation Overlord. Allied troops landed in France. Quickly swept through Europe. Paris liberated August 25, then Brussels, Antwerp, and Luxembourg.
Battle of Bulge
December 1944. Ardennes in Belgium, 101st Airborne Division and other troops trapped.
V-E day
April 23, 1945: Russian troops entered Berlin. Germany surrendered May 8, 1945
V-J day
August 15, 1945
