Text Ch.4 Flashcards
endogenous
exogenous
variations in a concept are based on, or depend, on variations in other elements inside the model
variations in the independent concepts are hypothesized to depend upon factors outside the model
T or F
In most cases, statistical techniques can assess the strength of association, not the direction of causation
T
categorical vs. continuous concept/variable
.is one in which the concepts characterisitcs are separate and distinct
-a level of measurement in which variables are given numerical values(1,2,3,etc) that represent a difference in kind rather than in degree(ex: 2 is not higher than 1 but simply different)
.is one in which the categories are joined or connected in a sequential manner
-a variable whose responses can be arrayed along the entire range of the measure, with no gaps or breaks in the distribution
multidimensional concept
is one in which more than one factor or dimension, exists with a concept
Partisanship
is defined as a psychological attachment to a political party , which can vary along the dimensions of strength, stability, and consistency of attachment
Canadian Election Studies(CES)
a series of academic surveys conducted on a sample of the Canadian electorate at the time of federal elections from 1965 to the present-day provide a rich source of data on political beliefs and voting behaviour
Inductive Reasoning
using empirical evidence to help for the definition of a concept
extrapolation
.borrow from other fields of study
deductive reasoning
.a type of reasoning that shows or attempts to show that a conclusion necessarily flows from a set of premises; in political science, often used in rational choice analysis, where individuals are assumed to be utility maximizers and their actions are assessed in relation to what they would be if this premise was true
-begins by the identification of one or more postulates, followed by the derivation of expectations and conclusions based on the claims
Explain:
Internal Validity:
External Validity:
Measurement Validity:
- internal validity:the extent to which the researcher has produced results reflective of reality, as measured within the confines of the study. Concerned with causality.
- external validity:the extent to which the findings drawn from the cases under examination may be used to make generalizations about phenomena outside the original study. Concerned with representativeness.
- measurement (construct) validity:the extent to which the measurement of a particular concept matches its operational definition. Prerequisite for internal and external validity.
Explain:
Internal Validity:
External Validity:
Measurement(construct) Validity:
- internal validity:the extent to which the researcher has produced results reflective of reality, as measured within the confines of the study. Concerned with causality.
- external validity:the extent to which the findings drawn from the cases under examination may be used to make generalizations about phenomena outside the original study. Concerned with representativeness.
- measurement (construct) validity:the extent to which the measurement of a particular concept matches its operational definition. Prerequisite for internal and external validity.
Define Theory
3 things theories try and state
Theory: system of ideas; condenses and organizes knowledge
- That events are related
- How events are related
- Why events are related
What is Theory oriented researcher’s goal?
Goal: identify causal relationships, build/support/advance theory
define concept
define hypothesis
- Concept = abstract representation of phenomena
* Hypothesis = statement of anticipated relationship between concepts
How is a hypothesis important to the scientific method?
- Concept = abstract representation of phenomena
* Hypothesis = statement of anticipated relationship between concepts