Tetanus Flashcards
What type of paralysis is caused by Tetanus and why?
Spastic paralysis - Tetanus toxin of Clostridium tetani inhibits presynaptic SNARE protein, resulting in decreased release of presynaptic neurotransmitters GABA and glycine.
What are the clinical presentations of Tetanus?
Opisthotonos (arched back) and trismus (lock-jaw).
What are the two patient scenarios presented in USMLE for Tetanus?
- Neonate born at home with umbilical cord cut with kitchen knife and tied with twine
- Random individual who cuts himself in backyard.
What is the DtaP vaccination schedule for children?
- Given at 2, 4, 6 months
- Again at 15-18 months
- Again at 4-6 years.
When should school-age kids receive the Tdap booster?
At 11-12 years, followed by Td booster every 10 years thereafter.
When should pregnant women receive the Tdap vaccine?
At 27-36 weeks to protect the neonate from pertussis.
What is the treatment protocol for cuts/wounds in patients 0-5 years post-vaccine?
No treatment is necessary.
What should be done for a dirty wound in a patient 6-9 years post-vaccine?
Give Td booster.
What is the protocol for clean wounds in patients 10+ years post-vaccine?
Give Td booster.
What is the treatment for dirty wounds in patients 10+ years post-vaccine?
IVIG + vaccine.
True or False: IVIG is given for any wound after 10 years post-vaccine.
False. IVIG is only given if it’s a dirty wound + has been 10+ years.
