Tests, Designs, Data and Statistical Tests Flashcards
Give the two types of tests.
Give a brief explanation of what the analyse.
Difference
- Is one condition higher or lower than another?
Correlation
- What is the relationship between the two conditions’ scores?
Give the two experimental designs which produce tests of differences. Give details regarding the two designs.
Independent design.
- Measures results from DIFFERENT participants across different conditions.
Related design.
- Measures results from THE SAME participants across different conditions.
What sort of studies are likely to produce results measuring correlation?
Field and natural studies.
What sort of studies are likely to produce results measuring difference?
Laboratory studies.
What are the four types of collected data?
Nominal, ordinal, Interval and ratio.
What is characteristic of nominal data?
Data is collected as categories or groups, and not numerical data (i.e. YES or NO).
What is characteristic of ordinal data?
Data collected whereby its value does nothing more than establish its ranking compared to other results (I.e. ratings of aggression, but NOT the number of punches).
What is characteristic of interval data?
Numerical values with meanings (i.e. temperature).
What is characteristic of ratio data?
Numerical values with meanings that has an absolute zero (i.e. Height).
What statistical test is used if the study used an independent design (test of difference) and the data collected is nominal?
Chi-Squared.
What statistical test is used if the study used an independent design (test of difference) and the data collected is ordinal, interval or ratio?
Mann-Whitney U Test.
What statistical test is used if the study used a related design (test of difference) and the data collected is ordinal, interval or ratio?
Wilcoxon.
What statistical test is used if the study tests correlation and the data collected is ordinal, interval or ratio?
Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient.
What are the two broad types of data? Give a brief description of each.
Qualitative
- Data comes in non-numerical form. It is collected from either interviews or observation.
Quantitative
- Data comes in the form of numerical values.
Give a positive and a negative point regarding qualitative data (the opposite applies to quantitative data).
P: Has greater validity, due to it being more ‘realistic’ than numerical values.
N: collection techniques often encourage bias to interfere with the reliability of results.
