Tests Flashcards by Danii Prior

The cardiovascular system includes 2 circuits:

a) Pullman circuit and Cistern circuit
b) Pulmonary circuit and Systemic circuit
c) Cardio circuit and Vascular circuit
d) Arteries circuit and Veins circuit

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In the Pulmonary Circuit blood travels:

From the Right Atrium to the Left Ventricle
From the Right Ventricle to the Left Atrium
From the Left Atrium to the Right Ventricle
From the Left Ventricle to the Right Atrium

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In the Systemic Circuit blood travels:

From the Right Atrium to the Left Ventricle
From the Right Ventricle to the Left Atrium
From the Left Atrium to the Right Ventricle
From the Left Ventricle to the Right Atrium

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3 types of blood vessels:

Arteries, Venules, Veins
Arteries, Capillaries, Veins
Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules
Aorta, Capillaries, Vena Cava

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largest artery is:

Vena Cava
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Carotid Artery

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thickness of capillary walls:

4 – 6 million molecules
1 cell
Half the size of a tennis court
About 6 inches

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. Vessels supplying blood to the heart are the:

Arteries
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary arteries
Coronary capiliaries

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The Adrenal Medulla secretes hormones that control the:

Diffusion in the alveoli
Heartbeat
Function of the liver
Creation of haemoglobin

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The only form of chemical energy that can be used by living cells is:

Glycogen
Glucose
Adenosine Triphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate

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The chemical symbol for Glucose is:

C3H6O3
C6H12O6
C3PO
C27H48O20

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How much creatine does the average adult store within their body?

120/80 mmHg
120g - 140g
300 million
4 – 6 litres

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How much creatine is in 1kg of beef?

10 g
4.5 g
Enough to fill 19 jars
Trace elements

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the breakdown of carbohydrate to produce energy without using oxygen is known as:

Aerobic Glycolysis
Anaerobic Glycolysis
The Creatine Phosphate System
The ATP System

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A by-product of Anaerobic Glycolysis is:

Water and Carbon Dioxide
Lactic Acid
Adenosine Triphosphate
Creatine

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During Aerobic Glycolysis

19 molecules of ATP are generated for every molecule of glucose
38 molecules of ATP are generated for every molecule of glucose
300 grammes of ATP are generated for every molecule of Lactic Acid
38 grammes of ATP are generated for every molecule of Lactic Acid

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Factors affecting VO2 max include:

Lactic Acid levels, previous training, gender and age
Lactic Acid levels, muscularity and age
Haemoglobin levels, previous training, gender and age
Future training, gender and Creatine levels

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Which is the likely balance of energy systems used in Gymnastics?

10% ATP-CP, 50% Anaerobic, 40% Aerobic
50% ATP-CP, 20% Anaerobic, 30% Aerobic
80% ATP-CP, 15% Anaerobic, 5% Aerobic
0% ATP-CP, 50% Anaerobic, 50% Aerobic

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Which is the likely balance of energy systems used in Soccer?

10% ATP-CP, 50% Anaerobic, 40% Aerobic
50% ATP-CP, 20% Anaerobic, 30% Aerobic
80% ATP-CP, 15% Anaerobic, 5% Aerobic
0% ATP-CP, 50% Anaerobic, 50% Aerobic

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What are the main 3 parts of the Respiratory System?

Exterior, Cardiac, Interior
External, Transportation, Internal
Atmospheric, Central, Muscular
Trachea, Alvioli, Pulmonary

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What is the primary function of the Respiratory System?

Exchange of O2 between the lungs and the heart
Inspiration and Exhalation
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and the blood
Transfer of oxygen to the tibial tuberosity

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Which of these is NOT part of the structure of the human respiratory system?

Esophagus
Nasopharynx
Left primary Bronchus
Nasal Cavity

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Which of these statements is NOT true?

The Larynx is a short cartilage tube bound together by ligaments
The Larynx connects the Pharynx to the Bronchi
The Larynx contains the voice box
At the top of the Larynx is the epiglottis

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THE LUNGS:

Are 4 – 6 litres, and are located in the thoracic cavity
Have 3 lobes on the left, and 2 lobes on the right
Inflate during exhalation
Pump blood to the heart

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WHERE IS TE DIAPHRAGM?

Attached to the alveoli
- Between the clavicle and the cervical vertebrae
- Between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
- Attached to the trachea

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THE HUMAN BODY CONTAINS? Pullman carriages that transport waste matter Enough capillaries to fill the Wimbledon Centre Court Enough oxygen to fill a tennis court About 300 million alveoli

Which of the following statement is INCORRECT? - Diffusion is the movement of particulates through the epiglottis - Diffusion is the movement of materials from a higher to a lower concentration. - The differences between oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations are measured by partial pressures. - The greater the difference in partial pressure the greater the rate of diffusion.

Which of the following statement is INCORRECT? Following inspiration, partial pressure of oxygen in alveolus is higher than in alveolar blood capillaries Oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells to form oxyhaemoglobin Following inspiration, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood is higher than in the alveoli Oxyhaemoglobin is carried to the muscles by the skeletal system

WHEN THE DIAPHRAGM RELAXES: - Inhalation occurs - it moves upwards reducing the chest capacity - it moves downwards enlarging the chest capacity - oxygen rushes into the pulmonary dead space

TIDAL VOLUME IS: - The amount of air which enters the lungs during normal inhalation at rest - The most air you can exhale after taking the deepest breath you can - The amount of air left in the lungs following a maximal exhalation - The total capacity of the lungs

RESIDUAL VOLUME IS: - The amount of air which enters the lungs during normal inhalation at rest - The most air you can exhale after taking the deepest breath you can - The amount of air left in the lungs following a maximal exhalation - The total capacity of the lungs

VITAL CAPACITY IS: - The total capacity of the lungs - The amount of air which enters the lungs during normal inhalation at rest - The most air you can exhale after taking the deepest breath you can - The amount of air left in the lungs following a maximal exhalation

MINUTE VENTILATION IS: Residual Volume + Tidal Volume Vital Capacity x Respiratory Rate Tidal Volume x Respiratory Rate The maximum amount of oxygen inhaled in one minute

Normal resting Respiratory Rate is: 12 breaths per minute 6 litres per minute 40 breaths per minute 220 minus your age

Which of these is NOT an effect of training? Increased resting Respiratory Rate Improved elasticity and recoil property of lung tissue. Improved diffusion capacity across the alveolar-pulmonary capillary interface. An increase in blood supply to and from the lungs.

OXYGEN DEFICIT OCCURS: Due to warm-up and cool-down When commencing steady state exercise When concluding steady state exercise During steady state exercise

OXYGEN DEBT OCCURS: Due to warm-up and cool-down When commencing steady state exercise When concluding steady state exercise During steady state exercise

ANAEROBIC EXERCISE: - Is better than aerobic exercise - Is when the respiratory system can supply enough oxygen to the muscles - Is when the respiratory system can not supply enough oxygen to the muscles - Is when the lungs produce lactic acid

Which is NOT a part of the Skeletal System? Bones Joints Ligaments Nerves

What are the divisions of the Skeleton? Axial and Appendicular Axial and Radial Proximal and Distal Vertebral and Bony Thorax

Which are the type of bone cell that tears down bone during the building and remodeling process? osteocytes osteoblasts osteoclasts bone lining cells

Which of these is not a normal function of the skeleton? mineral storage protection of soft organs production of fat tissue Support of the body

How many bones in the axial skeleton? 60 126 80 72

Where is the Xiphoid process In the bony thorax In the pelvic girdle In the spinal column Adjacent to the metatarsals

Types of vertebrae include: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Spinous, Coccyx Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx Cervical, Thorax, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx Cervical, Thoracic, Lordosis, Sacrum, Coccyx

How many bones are there in the average person's body? 33 206 639 It varies by the individual.

Which of the following statement is INCORRECT? Bone is where most blood cells are made. Bone serves as a storehouse for various minerals. Bone is a dry and non-living supporting structure. Bone protects and supports the body and its organs.

WHICH BONE PROTECTS THE BRAIN: The calcium The cranium The cerebrum The cerebellum

Besides the brain, the skull also protects ... the lungs the diaphragm the body's cells the sense organs

The purpose of the rib cage is to... protect the stomach protect the spinal cord protect the heart and lungs provide an object to which the lungs can attach

What is the difference between cartilage and bone? Bone is rubbery, and cartilage is firm. Cartilage is rubbery, and bone is firm. Bone is a more primitive tissue than cartilage. Bone is inside the body, and cartilage is outside.

The hollow space in the middle of bones is filled with ... air blood bone cells bone marrow

How many types of bones are there? 6 12 206 4

Which of these is NOT a type of bone? Long Short Flat Round

17. In adults, where is cartilage still found? On the bridge of the nose In the Hyoid bone Under the Coccyx In the cerebral fluid

How many phlanges in the human Skeleton? 15 30 60 48

The three parts of the Axial Skeleton are… Cervical vertebrae, pectoral ring, bony thorax Skull, vertebral column, bony thorax Skull, vertebral column, pelvic girdle Skull, cervical vertebrae, pelvic girdle

Kyphosis is … Excessive curvature of the lumbar spine Excessive curvature of the thoracic spine Sideways curvature of the spine Excessive curvature of the sacrum

10 Which of these statements is TRUE? Myofibrils surround the individual skeletal muscle Sarcomeres surrounds the individual skeletal muscle Epimysium surrounds the individual skeletal muscle Epidermis surrounds the individual skeletal muscle

THIN FILAMENTS ARE CALLED Actin Myosin Sarcomeres Myofibrils

Thick filaments are called: Actin Myosin Sarcomeres Myofibrils

Actin and Myosin are made of: Carbohydrate Protein Fats Vitamins

Concentric contraction is: force production at constant muscle length force production during muscle shortening force production during muscle lengthening force production at various muscle lengths

Eccentric contraction is: force production at constant muscle length force production during muscle shortening force production during muscle lengthening force production at various muscle lengths

Isometric contraction is force production at constant muscle length force production during muscle shortening force production during muscle lengthening force production at various muscle lengths

Slow twitch muscle fibres are: Helpful for endurance, dark in colour Helpful for endurance, light in colour Helpful for explosive power, dark in colour Helpful for explosive power, light in colour

Fast twitch muscle fibres are: Helpful for endurance, dark in colour Helpful for endurance, light in colour Helpful for explosive power, dark in colour Helpful for explosive power, light in colour

Sliding filaments occur in the: Sarcomeres Troponin Z line Carbohydrates

Disruption of sarcomeres is common after: accustomed high-intensity eccentric contractions unaccustomed high-intensity eccentric contractions unaccustomed high-intensity concentric contractions accustomed high-intensity isometric contractions