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Fundamentals Of Human Movement > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of respiration

A

External
Transportation
Internal

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2
Q

Primary function of the respiratory system

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the blood

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3
Q

Other functions of the respiratory system

A

Water loss and heat elimination
Maintenance of ph
Enhance venous return
Defence against inhaled particulate matter

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4
Q

General structure of human respiratory system in order

A 
Nasal cavity
Nostril
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Right primary bronchus and site of carina
Left primary bronchus
Right lung
Left lung
Diaphragm
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5
Q

What is the pharynx

A

Muscular system connecting the nasal cavity to the larynx

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6
Q

Function of larynx

A

Connects pharynx to trachea

Allows air to pass through but blocks airway from food and drink

It is the voice box

Made of 9 pieces of cartilage with ligaments binding them together

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7
Q

Where is the epiglottis found and what does it do

A

Top of the larynx

Flaps over the glottis to prevent food blocking the airway during swallowing process

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8
Q

What makes up the conducting zone

A

Trachea
Right bronchus
Bronchioli
Terminal bronchioli

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9
Q 
Lungs:
Location
Size
Structure (lobe count)
Blood supply
A

Thoracic cavity
4-6 litres
Right- 3 lobes and left- 2 lobes
Pulmonary circulation

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10
Q

Respiratory zone

A

Respiratory bronchioli

Alveoli

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11
Q

Respiration- external and internal processes

A

Ex

1) pulmonary ventilation (inspiration and expiration)
2) pulmonary diffusion

In

1) transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood
2) capillary gas exchange (internal respiration e.g. In muscles

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12
Q

What is diffusion and partial pressure

A

Diffusion is the movement of materials from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

The difference between oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations are measured by partial pressures

The greater the difference in partial pressure the greater the rate of diffusion

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13
Q

Where does pulmonary diffusion occur

A

In the alveoli

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14
Q

How many alveoli and what does this cover (sport court)

A

About 300 million alveoli

Surface area of half a tennis court

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15
Q

Gas exchange: 4 steps

A

Partial pressure of oxygen in alveolus is higher than in alveolar blood capillaries

Oxygen from the air dissolve in water at alveoli lining and diffuse in blood

Oxygen binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells to form oxyhemoglobin

Oxyhemoglobin is carried to all body cells by blood circulation

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16
Q

Carbon dioxide diffusion 4 steps

A

Carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction from capillary blood to alveolar air

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood is higher that in the alveoli

Carbon dioxide diffuse out to the alveoli

Exhalation follows, to get rid of the carbon dioxide and completing the cycle of respiration

17
Q

Ventilation process

A

Breathing in and out

Inhalation- muscles in chest wall contract

  • lift ribs pulling them outward
  • diaphragm contracts, moved downwards enlarging the chest cavity

Reduced air pressure in lungs causes air to enter the lungs

Exhalation- muscles in the chest wall relax

  • dropping the ribs pulling them inwards
  • diaphragm relaxes, moves upward reducing the chest cavity

Increased air pressure in the lungs causes air to exit the lungs

18
Q

Respiratory volumes:
Tidal volume
Vital capacity
Residual volume

A

Tidal volume- healthy adults subconsciously breath 12 times per minute. This uses a small proportion of the available space inside the lungs - 0.5 litres per breath (6 litres per minute)

Vital capacity- max amount that we can use with forceful inspiration and expiration

Residual volume- the volume of air left in the lungs after vital capacity

19
Q

During exercise what happens with breathing

A

Contractile force of the breathing muscles is greater

Deeper breathing = tidal volume increases

Use accessory muscles to assist breathing mechanism: pectoralis major, rectus abdominus, internal and external obliques

More breaths per minute- increases respiratory rate

Tidal volume x respiratory rate = minute ventilation

20
Q

Training effects

A

Strength and endurance properties of the breathing muscles improves

Improves elasticity and recoil property of lung tissue

Improves diffusion capacity across the alveolar-pulmonary capillary interface

An increase in blood supply to and from the lungs

21
Q

Short term effects of exercise

A

Body’s reaction to exercise immediately after starting until the end of a cool down period

Immediate increase in the rate and depth of breathing

More oxygen to the lungs/more waste product

Increased tidal volume

22
Q

Long term effects of exercise

A

Increased strength of respiratory muscles

Increased vital capacity

Increased oxygen diffusion rate

Increased minute ventilation

Respiratory rate lowered at rest and during exercise

Increased lung volume and efficiency

Increase in the capillary blood supply to the lungs

23
Q

Increased strength of respiratory muscles and what this does

A

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles increase in strength

Allows for greater expansion of the thoracic cavity

More expansion provides more efficient inhalation and expiration

24
Q

Increased vital capacity - what is vital capacity and how does it increase

A

Maximal volume of air that can be expired after maximal inspiration in one breath

Mainly down to increased strength of intercostal muscles

25
Q

Increased oxygen diffusion rate factors

A

Increase in the number and soz of capillaries lead to more efficient diffusion

More o2 from capillaries to tissues

More co2 from cells to the blood

Regular training leads to better transportation of o2/co2 therefore an increase in oxygen diffusion rate

26
Q

Exercising with or without oxygen

A

Steady endurance exercise - respiratory system can supply enough oxygen to the muscles so exercise is aerobic

Shorter powerful exercise (explosive activities)
Respiratory system can’t supply enough oxygen to the muscles
So it is an aerobic

Fundamentals Of Human Movement (6 decks)

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