Muscles

Question 1

Biceps- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 1

Origin- Scapula
Insertion- Radius
Joints crossed- Elbow and Shoulder
Joint action- Flexes the elbow, Supinates the forearm
and Weak flexion of the shoulder

Question 2

Brachialis- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 2

Origin- Humerus
Insertion- Ulna
Joint crossed- Elbow
Joint action-True Flexion of elbow

Question 3

Triceps brachii- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 3

Origin- Scapula and humerus
Insertion- Ulna
Joints crossed- Elbow and shoulder
Joint action- Extension of the elbow, Long head extension of the shoulder

Question 4

Deltoid- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 4

Origin- Clavicle and scapula
Insertion - Humerus
Joint crossed- Shoulder
Joint action- Abducts the arm, assists in shoulder rotation (internal and external), flexion and extension

Question 5

Latissimus dorsi- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 5

Origin- Lumbar and sacral vertebrae,
thoracic vertebrae, crest of the ilium
Insertion- Humerus
Joint crossed- Shoulder
Joint action- Adducts, extends and inwardly rotates the shoulder

Question 6

Trapezius- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 6

Origin- Base of Skull, All thoracic vertebrae
Insertion- Clavicle and scapula
Joint crossed- Shoulder girdle
Joint actions- Upper fibres extend the neck, Middle fibres retract the scapula, Lower fibres depress the scapula

Question 7

Rhomboid- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 7

Origin- Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion- Medial border of scapula
Joint crossed- Shoulder girdle (moves scapula relative to rib cage)
Joint actions- Retracts scapula, Downwardly rotates scapula (works as a synergist with Rhomboid minor)

Question 8

erector spinae- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 8

Origin- Sacrum , Ilium to thorax
Insertion- Ribs, vertebrae, to occipital bone (base of skull)
Joints crossed- Vertebrae
Joint action- Extends the spine rotates the thoracic spine

Question 9

Pectoralis major- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 9

Origin- Clavicle and sternum
Insertion- Humerus
Joint crossed- Shoulder
Joint action- Horizontal flexion, Adduction and inward rotation of the arm

Question 10

transverse abdominus- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 10

Origin- Iliac crest, lumbar fascia and cartilage of inferior six ribs
Insertion- Xiphoid process, Linea alba and pubis
Joint crossed- Lumbar vertebrae
Joint action- Forced expiration, Compress the abdominal wall

Question 11

Rectus Abdominus- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 11

Origin- Pubis
Insertion- Ribs
Joints crossed- Lumbar and thoracic vertebrae
Joint action- Flexes the thoracic and lumbar spine

Question 12

External obliques- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 12

Origin-Lower ribs
Insertion- Ilium
Joints crossed- Vertebrae
Joint action - Laterally flexes the thoracic spine

Question 13

Internal obliques- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 13

Origin- Ilium
Insertion- Lower ribs
Joint crossed- Vertebrae
Joint action -Laterally flexes the thoracic spine, Rotates the thoracic spine

Question 14

Iliopsoas (Hip Flexors)- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 14

Origin- All lumbar vertebrae and ilium
Insertion- Femur (Lesser Trochanter)
Joint crossed- Hip
Joint action- Flexes the hip

Question 15

Adductors- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 15

Origin- Pubis and ischium
Insertion- Femur
Joint crossed- Hip
Joint action- Adducts and outwardly rotates the hip

Question 16

Quadriceps- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 16

Origin- Femur and Ilium
Insertion-Tibia (via patella tendon)
Joints crossed- Knee and hip (rectus femoris is the only quadricep to cross both hip and knee joints)
Joint action-All four muscles extend the knee, The rectus femoris also flexes the hip

Question 17

Anterior tibialis- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 17

Origin- Tibia
Insertion- First metatarsal
Joint crossed - Ankle
Joint action- Ankle dorsiflexion

Question 18

Gluteals- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 18

Origin- Ilium and sacrum (Gluteus maximus only)
Insertion- Femur
Joint crossed- Hip
Joint action- Gluteus maximus, Extends and outwardly rotates the hip, Gluteus minimus and medius, Abducts and inwardly rotates the hip

Question 19

Hamstrings- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 19

Origin- Ischium
Insertion- Tibia and fibula
Joints crossed - Hip and knee
Joint action- Knee flexion, Hip extension

Question 20

Gastrocnemius- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 20

Origin- Femur
Insertion- Calcaneus
Joints crossed- Ankle and knee
Joint action- Ankle plantarflexion, Assists in knee flexion

Question 21

Soleus- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action

Answer 21

Origin- Fibula and tibia
Insertion- Calcaneus
Joint crossed- Ankle
Joint action- Ankle plantarflexion

Question 22

Function of muscle tissues

Answer 22

Produce body movements
Stabilise body positions
Heat production
Moving substances within the body
Regulating organ volume

Question 23

4 types of connective tissue

Answer 23

epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium and deep fascia

Question 24

Description of epimysium

Answer 24

surrounds the individual skeletal muscle (i.e. “overcoat” of the muscle)
extension of deep fascia

Question 25

Description of Perimysium

Answer 25

surrounds the fasciculus or muscle bundle

Question 26

Description of Endomysium

Answer 26

surrounds the individual skeletal muscle fibre

Question 27

Description of deep fascia

Answer 27

surrounds whole muscle groups
connects different whole muscle groups
carries nerves and blood vessels

Question 28

Description of myofibrils

Answer 28

vary in number from 100 to several thousand in one muscle cell
Myofibrils occupy 80% of the sarcoplasm
Myofibrils are made up of sarcomeres, the smallest functional units of a muscle