Muscles Flashcards
Biceps- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Scapula Insertion- Radius Joints crossed- Elbow and Shoulder Joint action- Flexes the elbow, Supinates the forearm and Weak flexion of the shoulder
Brachialis- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Humerus
Insertion- Ulna
Joint crossed- Elbow
Joint action-True Flexion of elbow
Triceps brachii- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Scapula and humerus
Insertion- Ulna
Joints crossed- Elbow and shoulder
Joint action- Extension of the elbow, Long head extension of the shoulder
Deltoid- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Clavicle and scapula
Insertion - Humerus
Joint crossed- Shoulder
Joint action- Abducts the arm, assists in shoulder rotation (internal and external), flexion and extension
Latissimus dorsi- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Lumbar and sacral vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, crest of the ilium Insertion- Humerus Joint crossed- Shoulder Joint action- Adducts, extends and inwardly rotates the shoulder
Trapezius- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Base of Skull, All thoracic vertebrae
Insertion- Clavicle and scapula
Joint crossed- Shoulder girdle
Joint actions- Upper fibres extend the neck, Middle fibres retract the scapula, Lower fibres depress the scapula
Rhomboid- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion- Medial border of scapula
Joint crossed- Shoulder girdle (moves scapula relative to rib cage)
Joint actions- Retracts scapula, Downwardly rotates scapula (works as a synergist with Rhomboid minor)
erector spinae- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Sacrum , Ilium to thorax
Insertion- Ribs, vertebrae, to occipital bone (base of skull)
Joints crossed- Vertebrae
Joint action- Extends the spine rotates the thoracic spine
Pectoralis major- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Clavicle and sternum
Insertion- Humerus
Joint crossed- Shoulder
Joint action- Horizontal flexion, Adduction and inward rotation of the arm
transverse abdominus- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Iliac crest, lumbar fascia and cartilage of inferior six ribs
Insertion- Xiphoid process, Linea alba and pubis
Joint crossed- Lumbar vertebrae
Joint action- Forced expiration, Compress the abdominal wall
Rectus Abdominus- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Pubis
Insertion- Ribs
Joints crossed- Lumbar and thoracic vertebrae
Joint action- Flexes the thoracic and lumbar spine
External obliques- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin-Lower ribs
Insertion- Ilium
Joints crossed- Vertebrae
Joint action - Laterally flexes the thoracic spine
Internal obliques- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Ilium
Insertion- Lower ribs
Joint crossed- Vertebrae
Joint action -Laterally flexes the thoracic spine, Rotates the thoracic spine
Iliopsoas (Hip Flexors)- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- All lumbar vertebrae and ilium
Insertion- Femur (Lesser Trochanter)
Joint crossed- Hip
Joint action- Flexes the hip
Adductors- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Pubis and ischium
Insertion- Femur
Joint crossed- Hip
Joint action- Adducts and outwardly rotates the hip
Quadriceps- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Femur and Ilium
Insertion-Tibia (via patella tendon)
Joints crossed- Knee and hip (rectus femoris is the only quadricep to cross both hip and knee joints)
Joint action-All four muscles extend the knee, The rectus femoris also flexes the hip
Anterior tibialis- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Tibia
Insertion- First metatarsal
Joint crossed - Ankle
Joint action- Ankle dorsiflexion
Gluteals- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Ilium and sacrum (Gluteus maximus only)
Insertion- Femur
Joint crossed- Hip
Joint action- Gluteus maximus, Extends and outwardly rotates the hip, Gluteus minimus and medius, Abducts and inwardly rotates the hip
Hamstrings- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Ischium
Insertion- Tibia and fibula
Joints crossed - Hip and knee
Joint action- Knee flexion, Hip extension
Gastrocnemius- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Femur
Insertion- Calcaneus
Joints crossed- Ankle and knee
Joint action- Ankle plantarflexion, Assists in knee flexion
Soleus- origin, insertion, joints crossed and joint action
Origin- Fibula and tibia
Insertion- Calcaneus
Joint crossed- Ankle
Joint action- Ankle plantarflexion
Function of muscle tissues
Produce body movements Stabilise body positions Heat production Moving substances within the body Regulating organ volume
4 types of connective tissue
epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium and deep fascia
Description of epimysium
surrounds the individual skeletal muscle (i.e. “overcoat” of the muscle)
extension of deep fascia
Description of Perimysium
surrounds the fasciculus or muscle bundle
Description of Endomysium
surrounds the individual skeletal muscle fibre
Description of deep fascia
surrounds whole muscle groups
connects different whole muscle groups
carries nerves and blood vessels
Description of myofibrils
vary in number from 100 to several thousand in one muscle cell
Myofibrils occupy 80% of the sarcoplasm
Myofibrils are made up of sarcomeres, the smallest functional units of a muscle
