testings options Flashcards
ischemic stroke
blood supply to part of the brain is blocked or reduced, main cause: atherosclerosis (plaque in there)
87% of most strokes
symptoms:
weakness/numb on one side of body/face
vision probs
dizzy
headache
high BP
compensated shock
pre-shock
tachycardia
vasoconstriction
bp changes
extremity pulse issues
obstructed shock
bl obstructed in/out of the hrt or great vessels
Causes:
pulm embolism
cardiac tamponade
tension pneumothorax
decompensated shock
body starts having probs maintaining BP, vital organs perfusion is failing.
BP drops.
labored breathing.
cyanotic
dilated pupils
distributed shock
decreased bl flow to vital organs
systemic vasodilation
causes:
Sepsis
anaphylaxis
a partner with more experience suggests your level of prehospital experience is weak…
(i think the answer was something on taking training)
stab wound left of the sternum. no bubbling, clear lungs. likely what?
NOT open pneumo.
possibly tension pneumo if there is also tracheal deviation/JVD
Diagnosis of tension pneumothorax should be suspected in individuals with respiratory distress, tracheal deviation, distended neck veins, low blood pressure, and decreased or absent breath sounds upon lung auscultation.
ventilations/min for a 1yo
The provider will deliver 12 to 20 breaths per minute for an infant or child (approximately 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds).
cocaine = DILATES pupils
heroine = CONSTRICTS pupils
meth = CONSTRICTS pupils
patient is minimally responsive, pale, clammy, rapid HR. lacerated his own throat, low BP…what is this?
decompensated shock (the low BP)
late signs of anaphylactic reaction:
decreased BP/hypotension
trauma ptnt with JVD, you can eliminate what:
massive hemothorax
tension pneumothorax
pericardial tamponade
severe pulm contusion (NOT THIS ONE)
Answer must be massive hemothorax based on these notes:
a massive hemothorax is characterized by: more than 1,500 mL of blood within the pleural space. pain/heaviness in chest, sob, anxiety,rapid HR
tension pneumo:
rapid HR
chest pain
sob
JVD!
low BP
pericardial tamponade:
low BP
JVD!!
distant/muffled HR
severe pulm contusion (bruised lung from trauma) symptoms:
wheezing/coughing
sob
tachycardia
bruises on chest
(JVD unclear - but this wasn’t the correct answer)
high qual cpr:
18+:
1 or 2 rescuers
30:2
infants/children:
1 rescuer
30:2
2 or more rescuers
15:2
70-80mL of bl ejected from the:
heart
stroke volume:
amount of bl moved in 1 beat
cardio output (CO) is the amount of bl moved in 1 minute (heart rate X stroke volume= cardio output)
infant HR can go as high as ___ with injury/illness:
160
vasoconstriction looks like:
pallor
weak distal pulses
delayed capillary refill (more than 2 secs)
cool hands/feet
epiglottis:
sore throat
hurts swallowing
respiratory issues
mediastinum:
protects vital organs in the chest
tension pneumo:
lung collapses. can be caused by trauma, airbag deployment… no lung sounds on one side.
cheyne strokes breathing:
inhalation mechanics:
intercostal muscles move ribs up and down
diaphragm goes down with inhale
BVM tidal volume ambient air:
BVM tidal volume with O2:
pulm edema, and causes:
fluid in lungs
Causes:
high elevations
pneumothorax
trauma
symptoms:
drown feels
frothy sputum cough
rapid HR
cold, clammy
wheeze
edema
with geriatric patients show abnormal behavior call, you:
assess the baseline mental state
when caring for ptnt with hearing prob you should:
speak directly into their ear louder
remember they can prob read lips
ask if they want to write on paper (NO)
recall that elderly have diff hearign high freq sounds
fem has syncope episode in her 70s, conscious, sweaty, tachyc, hypotensive. abdom tenderness and a pulsating mass on the left, is:
aortic aneurysm
GEMS for geriatric patients:
GERIATRIC: aging, atypical presentation
Environmental: safe environment
Medical assessment:
Social Assessment: social/basic needs
common causes of syncop in geriatrics:
hypotension
cardiac disorders
venous pooling
bl volume loss
EXCEPT vasoconstriction - not a common cause of syncope here.
geriatric with cough, fever, chills, compromised immune sys you suspect:
pneumonia
75 yo patient is (U), RR’s slow, pulse is weak, slow. he fell day before , has med conditions including DVT, alcohol abuse, liver cirrhosis…and on bl thinners. you suspect:
subdural hematoma
A subdural haematoma occurs when a blood vessel in the space between the skull and the brain (the subdural space) is damaged. Blood escapes from the blood vessel, leading to the formation of a blood clot (haematoma) that places pressure on the brain and damages it.
symptoms:
headache
feeling sick
drowsy
speech changes
geriatric hearts enlarge becuz:
bl pressure increases, heart works harder, chronically increased afterload
you find an elderly patnt who fainted, supine, not moving, eyes closed, doesn’t respond when tapped. you:
direct ur partner to manually stabilize head while u quickly look for breathing
with age the spine stiffens as a result of shrinkage and theres an increased risk for:
compression fractures
advance directive:
legal doc that directs relatives and caregivers regards medical treatment for patients who can’t speak for themselves
suspect LFT sided heart failure in the geriatric if:
tachypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
motor nerve neuropathy:
loss of balance, muscle weakness, spasms
during natural process of aging the number of working cilia in the resp sys decreases and makes it so:
decreased ability to cough
when caring for elderly with hearing probs, note:
recall that elderly have difficutly hearing high - freq sounds
