Testing and personality Flashcards
What are the four broad theories of personality?
psychoanalytic
humanistic
social-cognitive
trait theories
Freud referred to mental energy as __________.
libido
Although Freud contended that the subconscious plays a major role in behavior, its contents are not accessible. They become accessible through __________ or revealing the __________ of dreams.
freudian slips; latent content
Which defense mechanism involves the channelling or redirecting of sexual or aggressive feelings into a more socially acceptable outlet?
Sublimation
According to Jung, each person contains a female and a male side to our personality, or an __________ and __________.
anima; animus
Name two humanistic theorists.
Maslow and Rodgers
What are conditions of worth, according to Rogers?
other people’s evaluations of our worth
What does self-efficacy encompass?
one’s beliefs about his/her own abilities in a given situation
What is the main difference between nomothetic and idiographic traits?
Nomothetic traits are thought to be universal (i.e. the big five), while idiographic traits are unique to the individual.
According to Allport, a trait that overrides one’s whole being is a __________, while __________ are the person’s primary characteristics, and traits that constitute interests are __________.
cardinal trait; central traits; secondary
What is the Hawthorne Effect?
a flaw in naturalistic observational studies; when people know that they are being observed, they change their behavior to what they think the observer expects, or to present themselves well
What are the stages of Freud’s psychosexual stage theory?
oral stage (birth to one year) anal stage (one to three years) phallic stage (three to five years) latency stage (six years to puberty) genital stage (puberty onward)
