Motivation and Energy and Developmental Psych

Question 1

To be considered a true instinct, or inherited behavior pattern characteristic of a species, what must it be?

Answer 1

Stereotypical

Question 2

List four primary drives.

Answer 2

hunger
thirst
need to sleep
drive to reproduce

Question 3

What does the arousal theory of motivation state?

Answer 3

The arousal theory of motivation states that there is an optimum level of arousal (or: alertness and activation) at which performance on a given task is optimal.

Question 4

Homeostasis is important because it keeps our body in a constant state of equilibrium. Through what operation does homeostasis occur?

Answer 4

Negative Feedback loop

Question 5

_______ is the sum total of all chemical processes that occur in our bodies and are necessary to keep us alive.

Answer 5

Metabolism

Question 6

In terms of regulatory functioning, what is the role of the hypothalamus?

Answer 6

hunger, sex, and other homeostatic functioning

Question 7

What are the two candidate hypotheses for the feedback loops controlling eating?

Answer 7

glucostatic hypothesis

lipostatic hypothesis

Question 8

Explain how the glucostatic theory of homeostatic regulation works.

Answer 8

Glucose is the primary fuel of the brain and most other organs; when insulin (a hormone produced to regulate glucose) rises, glucose decreases. In order to restore glucostatic balance, a person needs to eat.

This theory gained support through the discovery that the hypothalamus has cells that detect glucose.

Question 9

Describe the lipostatic hypothesis.

Answer 9

The lipostatic hypothesis states that fat is the measured and controlled substance in the body that regulates hunger; it provides the long-term energy store for our bodies.

This hypothesis gained support after the discovery of leptin, a hormone secreted by fat cells, which is used by the brain to monitor the amount of fat in the body.

Question 10

In order to be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, one must be what percentage below ideal body weight?

Answer 10

15%

Question 11

Which theory of obesity claims that each person has a preset natural body weight determined by the number of fat cells in our body?

Answer 11

Set-Point Theory

Question 12

Which area of the brain is greatly implicated in drinking?

Answer 12

Hypothalmus

Question 13

__________ and __________, the primary sexual hormones in males and females, are produced by the pituitary gland and ignite the motivation to reproduce.

Answer 13

androgens

Estrogen

Question 14

What are the five levels of the hierarchical system of needs?

Answer 14

physiological needs 
safety and security needs
belongingness needs
self-esteem needs
self-actualization

Question 15

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 15

Self-efficacy is the belief that we can or cannot attain a particular goal.

Question 16

This scale, created by Holmes and Rahe, rates stressful events in our lives; it is meant to determine the probability of facing a major health event within the next year.

Answer 16

social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)

Question 17

What research method is most often used in normative development?

Answer 17

cross-sectional method

Question 18

Describe the longitudinal method.

Answer 18

involves following a small group of people over a long portion of their lives, assessing change at set intervals

Question 19

the time during which a skill or ability must develop is referred to as the __________.

Answer 19

critical period

Question 20

What are the three phases of gestation that the zygote experiences?

Answer 20

germinal stage
embryonic stage
fetal stage

Question 21

What are Piaget’s stages of development?

Answer 21

sensorimotor
pre-operational
concrete operational
formal operational

Question 22

The inability to see the world from anyone else’s point of view is __________.

Answer 22

egocentrism

Question 23

John Bowlby is considered to be the father of what theory?

Answer 23

attachement theory

Question 24

Locke proposed the idea of __________, which states that all development is the direct result of learning; the organism develops more complex behaviors and cognition because it acquires more associations.

Answer 24

tabula rasa

Question 25

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross pioneered a theory of social development about the stages of death and dying in which she identified stages of grief. What are the stages?

Answer 25

denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance

Question 26

Alcohol is one example of a __________, wherein exposure could lead to fetal alcohol syndrome.

Answer 26

teratogen