Abnormal Behavior and Treatments of it Flashcards
What is the name for an event that triggers the onset of a disorder?
precipitating cause
Name the four components that characterize abnormal behavior.
unusual
maladaptive to situational functioning
labeled as abnormal in society
characterized by perceptual or cognitive dysfunction
Which psychological disorder is characterized by physical symptoms without root in actual physical causes?
somatoform disorder
According to the psychoanalytic perspective, what is responsible for the manifestation of a somatoform disorder?
bottled-up emotional energy that is transformed into physical symptoms
Aaron Beck proposed the idea of the cognitive triad. What is it?
the combination of negative thoughts surrounding the self, the future, and the world that cause a patient’s depression.
In the medical model of abnormal behavior, what is defined as the apparent cause and development of an illness?
etiology
What is an organic disorder? Give an example.
An organic disorder is caused by damage to brain tissue, resulting most often from diseases or chemicals.
Examples:
dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
What is the difference between retrograde and anterograde amnesia?
In retrograde amnesia, one loses memories that occurred before the traumatic event; in anterograde amnesia, one loses memories occurring after the traumatic event.
Which of the following disorders would be found on Axis I of the DSM-IV-TR:
histrionic personality disorder
schizophrenia
mental retardation
schizophrenia
Major disorders are found on Axis I, while personality disorders and mental retardation are found on Axis II.
What is a predisposing cause?
environmental or genetic influence that exists before the onset of the disorder; increases vulnerability to the disorder
Which psychological disorder is characterized by physical symptoms without root in actual physical causes?
somatoform disorder
What does Axis V of the DSM-IV-TR assess?
general level of functioning
What is a diagnostic hallmark of conversion disorder?
symptoms that are real to the patient but have no apparent medical cause
Which psychopathological approach aims to correct abnormal behavior by changing the faulty or illogical thoughts that characterize it?
cognitive approach
What does a person with agoraphobia fear?
public places
Name two well-known somatoform disorders.
conversion disorders
hypochondriasis
What is the dopamine hypothesis?
a theory about the onset of Schizophrenia
Evidence:
antipsychotic drugs, which are dopamine antagonists, reduce schizophrenic symptoms
when patients with Parkinson’s disease are treated with excessive L-dopa, a dopamine agonist, schizophrenia-like thoughts can occur
What do social theorists believe is the cause for somatoform disorders?
too much focus on internal physiological experiences, amplifying bodily sensations, and forming disastrous conclusions about minor complaints
What two factors characterize disorganized schizophrenia?
incoherent speech
inappropriate or flat emotional affect
What are the three clusters of personality disorders, as delineated in the DSM-IV-TR?
odd/eccentric
dramatic/emotionally problematic
chronic fearfulness/avoidant
Q.
Define manifest content as it relates to psychoanalysis.
A.
surface information recalled about a dream
Define latent content as it relates to psychoanalysis.
hidden, underlying meaning of content in dreams
Projecting emotional feelings onto the psychoanalyst is known as __________.
transference
Define catharsis as it relates to psychoanalysis.
the release of emotional tension and anxiety after reliving an emotionally charged experience
Humanistic therapy provides an atmosphere of acceptance, known as __________.
unconditional positive regard
Who invented client-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
The emphasis on organizing the world in a meaningful way is a principle of __________ psychology.
Gestalt
Who created Gestalt therapy?
Fritz Perls
List three types of classical conditioning.
systematic desensitization
flooding
aversive conditioning
operant conditioning
rewards are used to reinforce target behavior
__________ created Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy, while __________ developed the cognitive triad.
Albert Ellis; Aaron Beck
What type of therapy aims to relieve present symptoms by focusing on the patient’s current situation?
interpersonal therapy
What drug is used to treat bipolar disorder?l
lithium carbonate
