Abnormal Behavior and Treatments of it

Question 1

What is the name for an event that triggers the onset of a disorder?

Answer 1

precipitating cause

Question 2

Name the four components that characterize abnormal behavior.

Answer 2

unusual
maladaptive to situational functioning
labeled as abnormal in society
characterized by perceptual or cognitive dysfunction

Question 3

Which psychological disorder is characterized by physical symptoms without root in actual physical causes?

Answer 3

somatoform disorder

Question 4

According to the psychoanalytic perspective, what is responsible for the manifestation of a somatoform disorder?

Answer 4

bottled-up emotional energy that is transformed into physical symptoms

Question 5

Aaron Beck proposed the idea of the cognitive triad. What is it?

Answer 5

the combination of negative thoughts surrounding the self, the future, and the world that cause a patient’s depression.

Question 6

In the medical model of abnormal behavior, what is defined as the apparent cause and development of an illness?

Answer 6

etiology

Question 7

What is an organic disorder? Give an example.

Answer 7

An organic disorder is caused by damage to brain tissue, resulting most often from diseases or chemicals.

Examples:

dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Question 8

What is the difference between retrograde and anterograde amnesia?

Answer 8

In retrograde amnesia, one loses memories that occurred before the traumatic event; in anterograde amnesia, one loses memories occurring after the traumatic event.

Question 9

Which of the following disorders would be found on Axis I of the DSM-IV-TR:

histrionic personality disorder
schizophrenia
mental retardation

Answer 9

schizophrenia

Major disorders are found on Axis I, while personality disorders and mental retardation are found on Axis II.

Question 10

What is a predisposing cause?

Answer 10

environmental or genetic influence that exists before the onset of the disorder; increases vulnerability to the disorder

Question 11

Which psychological disorder is characterized by physical symptoms without root in actual physical causes?

Answer 11

somatoform disorder

Question 12

What does Axis V of the DSM-IV-TR assess?

Answer 12

general level of functioning

Question 13

What is a diagnostic hallmark of conversion disorder?

Answer 13

symptoms that are real to the patient but have no apparent medical cause

Question 14

Which psychopathological approach aims to correct abnormal behavior by changing the faulty or illogical thoughts that characterize it?

Answer 14

cognitive approach

Question 15

What does a person with agoraphobia fear?

Answer 15

public places

Question 16

Name two well-known somatoform disorders.

Answer 16

conversion disorders

hypochondriasis

Question 17

What is the dopamine hypothesis?

Answer 17

a theory about the onset of Schizophrenia

Evidence:

antipsychotic drugs, which are dopamine antagonists, reduce schizophrenic symptoms
when patients with Parkinson’s disease are treated with excessive L-dopa, a dopamine agonist, schizophrenia-like thoughts can occur

Question 18

What do social theorists believe is the cause for somatoform disorders?

Answer 18

too much focus on internal physiological experiences, amplifying bodily sensations, and forming disastrous conclusions about minor complaints

Question 19

What two factors characterize disorganized schizophrenia?

Answer 19

incoherent speech

inappropriate or flat emotional affect

Question 20

What are the three clusters of personality disorders, as delineated in the DSM-IV-TR?

Answer 20

odd/eccentric
dramatic/emotionally problematic
chronic fearfulness/avoidant

Question 21

Q.

Define manifest content as it relates to psychoanalysis.

Answer 21

A.

surface information recalled about a dream

Question 22

Define latent content as it relates to psychoanalysis.

Answer 22

hidden, underlying meaning of content in dreams

Question 23

Projecting emotional feelings onto the psychoanalyst is known as __________.

Answer 23

transference

Question 24

Define catharsis as it relates to psychoanalysis.

Answer 24

the release of emotional tension and anxiety after reliving an emotionally charged experience

Question 25

Humanistic therapy provides an atmosphere of acceptance, known as __________.

Answer 25

unconditional positive regard

Question 26

Who invented client-centered therapy?

Answer 26

Carl Rogers

Question 27

The emphasis on organizing the world in a meaningful way is a principle of __________ psychology.

Answer 27

Gestalt

Question 28

Who created Gestalt therapy?

Answer 28

Fritz Perls

Question 29

List three types of classical conditioning.

Answer 29

systematic desensitization
flooding
aversive conditioning

Question 30

operant conditioning

Answer 30

rewards are used to reinforce target behavior

Question 31

__________ created Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy, while __________ developed the cognitive triad.

Answer 31

Albert Ellis; Aaron Beck

Question 32

What type of therapy aims to relieve present symptoms by focusing on the patient’s current situation?

Answer 32

interpersonal therapy

Question 33

What drug is used to treat bipolar disorder?l

Answer 33

lithium carbonate