Testing and Individual DIfferences Flashcards
Intelligence
The ability to learn from one’s experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situation or solving problems
Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale
Binet and colleague Theodore Simon developed a series of tests designed to assess mental abilities (basis for modern intelligence tests)
Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Lewis Terman modified test for the United States, audience of varied ages and broader range of subjects
Intelligence is a general cognitive ability that can be measured and numerically expressed
General Intelligence (g factor), Charles Spearman
Theory describes eight distinct types of intelligence based on skills and abilities
Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple (8) Intelligences
Condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
Savant Syndrome
Suggested that some of Gardner’s types of intelligence are better viewed as individual talents, Three different factors
Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence:
Analytical, Creative, and Practical
The ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions
Emotional Intelligence
Intelligence test that was first published in 1955 and designed to measure intelligence in adults and older adolescents
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS)
IQ scores were on the rise worldwide until about 2000 where they started to decline
Flynn Effect
Focus on methods for acquiring and analyzing psychological data
Psychometricians “Measurement Psychologists”
Two-part test development procedure:
- Establishes test norms from the test results of the larger representative sample
- Ensures that the test is both administered and scored uniformly for all test takers
Standardization
Each test taker completes the test under the same conditions as all other participants in the sample group
Norms
Designed to measure a person’s level of skill, accomplishment, or knowledge in a specific area
Achievement Tests
Designed to assess what a person is capable of doing or to predict what a person is able to learn or do, often used to assess academic potential or career suitability
Aptitude Test
Standardized tests can be administered in groups, widely used & efficient
Group Tests
The tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people
Reliability “Consistency”
The degree in which a test actually measures what it’s supposed to measure
Validity
_______ test measures all aspects of what it is designed to measure
________, test accurately forecasts performance on a future measure
Content Validity, Predictive
Numerous professional organizations, including APA have produced documents detailing appropriate technical and professional standards for psychological tests to promote the welfare of test takers
Ethics & Standards in Testing
Interested in looking at your ability to use logic to solve problems, to recognize patterns, and to make rapid connections between different points of information
What IQ Tests Measure
The average score for an IQ test is _____, 15 is considered to be one ________ _______ from the mean.
100, Standard Deviation
Score two or more standard deviations below the norm on a traditional IQ test (70 IQ or below)
Intellectual Disability
Very few individuals (approximately 0.2%) receive a score of more than 145 (indicating a very high IQ)
Intellectually Gifted
