Clinical Psychology

Question 1

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.

Answer 1

Psychological Disorder

Question 2

A psychological Disorder marked by the appearance by age seven of one or more three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Answer 2

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Question 3

The concept that diseases, in the case of psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.

Answer 3

Medical Model

Question 4

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Answer 4

DSM-5

Question 5

Symptoms that create feelings or events. Some examples include hallucinations and paranoia.

Answer 5

*Positive Symptoms

Question 6

Symptoms that remove feelings or events. Some examples include not being able to feel emotion, and withdrawing from social situations.

Answer 6

*Negative Symptoms

Question 7

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Answer 7

Anxiety Disorders

Question 8

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Answer 8

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Question 9

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a possible next attack.

Answer 9

Panic Disorder

Question 10

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Answer 10

Phobia

Question 11

Intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such. (Formerly called social phobia.)

Answer 11

Social Anxiety Disorder

Question 12

Fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic. For example, you may fear using public transportation, being in open or enclosed spaces, standing in line, or being in a crowd.

Answer 12

Agoraphobia

Question 13

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions.

Answer 13

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Question 14

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Answer 14

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Question 15

Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.

Answer 15

Posttraumatic Growth

Question 16

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. Examples include major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.

Answer 16

Mood Disorders

Question 17

How many weeks must someone have persistent depression before it is considered Major Depressive Disorder?

Answer 17

Two weeks

Question 18

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Answer 18

Mania

Question 19

A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)

Answer 19

Bipolar Disorder

Question 20

Compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes.

Answer 20

Rumination

Question 21

A psychological Disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression.

Answer 21

Schizophrenia

Question 22

A psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions.

Answer 22

Psychosis

Question 23

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany a psychotic disorder. Is a positive symptom.

Answer 23

Delusions

Question 24

False sensory experience, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. Is a positive symptom.

Answer 24

Hallucination

Question 25

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.

Answer 25

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Question 26

A disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found.

Answer 26

Conversion Disorder

Question 27

A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.

Answer 27

Illness Anxiety Disorder or Hypochondriasis

Question 28

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Answer 28

Dissociative Disorders

Question 29

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.

Answer 29

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Question 30

An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight.

Answer 30

Anorexia

Question 31

An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), excessive exercise, or fasting.

Answer 31

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 32

Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks Bulimia Nervosa.

Answer 32

Binge-eating Disorder

Question 33

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Answer 33

Personality Disorders

Question 34

A personality disorder in with a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a a clever con artist.

Answer 34

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Question 35

Treatment involving psychological techniques; consist of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

Answer 35

Psychotherapy

Question 36

Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology.

Answer 36

Biomedical therapy

Question 37

An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Answer 37

Elective Approach

Question 38

In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.

Answer 38

Resistance

Question 39

In psychoanalysis, the analysts nothing supposed dream meanings, resistances and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

Answer 39

Interpretation

Question 40

In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent.)

Answer 40

Transference

Question 41

Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight.

Answer 41

Psychodynamic Therapy

Question 42

A variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses.

Answer 42

Insight Therapies

Question 43

A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such a s active listening with a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients’ growth.

Answer 43

Client-Centered Therapy

Question 44

Empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy.

Answer 44

Active Listening

Question 45

A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Answer 45

Unconditional Positive Regard

Question 46

Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Answer 46

Behavior Therapy

Question 47

Behavior Therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.

Answer 47

Counterconditioning

Question 48

Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid.

Answer 48

Exposure Therapies

Question 49

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

Answer 49

Systematic Desensitization

Question 50

An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as an airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

Answer 50

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Question 51

Pattern of distrust and suspiciousness about other people’s motives, individual thinks that others are out to threaten, betray, exploit, or harm

Answer 51

Paranoid Personality Disorder “Accusatory”

Question 52

Characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion

Answer 52

Schizoid Personality Disorder “Aloof”