States of Consciousness

Question 1

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

Answer 1

Circadian rhythms

Question 2

Rapid eye movement sleep, a reccuring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as peridoxial sleep.

Answer 2

REM sleep

Question 3

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Answer 3

Alpha waves

Question 4

Periodic, natural loss of consciousness-as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.

Answer 4

Sleep

Question 5

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

Answer 5

Hallucinations

Question 6

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

Answer 6

Delta waves

Question 7

Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep.

Answer 7

NREM sleep

Question 8

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls the circadian rhythm by inhibiting the production of melatonin.

Answer 8

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Question 9

Recurring problems in falling asleep or staying asleep.

Answer 9

Insomnia

Question 10

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

Answer 10

Narcolepsy

Question 11

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary endings of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

Answer 11

Sleep APNEA

Question 12

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, _______ occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

Answer 12

Night terrors

Question 13

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping by persons’s mind.

Answer 13

Dream

Question 14

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct for it latent, or hidden content.)

Answer 14

Manifest content

Question 15

According to Freud, the underlaying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content.)

Answer 15

Latent content

Question 16

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Answer 16

Consciousness

Question 17

A social interaction in which one person (the subject) responds to another person’s (the hypnotist’s) suggestions that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

Answer 17

Hypnosis

Question 18

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

Answer 18

Posthypnotic suggestion

Question 19

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behavior to occur simultaneously with others.

Answer 19

Dissociation

Question 20

Continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.

Answer 20

Substance use disorder

Question 21

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

Answer 21

Psychoactive drug

Question 22

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s affect.

Answer 22

Tolerance

Question 23

Compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known adverse consequences.

Answer 23

Addiction

Question 24

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior.

Answer 24

Withdrawl

Question 25

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

Answer 25

Depressants

Question 26

(Popularly known as alcoholism.) Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use.

Answer 26

Alcohol use disorder

Question 27

Drugs that depress CENTRAL nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.

Answer 27

Barbiturates

Question 28

Opium and it’s derivatives such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

Answer 28

Opiates

Question 29

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, and meth) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

Answer 29

Stimulants

Question 30

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood/changes.

Answer 30

Amphetamines

Question 31

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

Answer 31

Nicotine

Question 32

A powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria.

Answer 32

Cocaine

Question 33

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speed-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

Answer 33

Methamphetamine

Question 34

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

Answer 34

Ecstasy(MDMA)

Question 35

Psychedelic (“mind manifesting”) drugs, such LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

Answer 35

Hallucinogens

Question 36

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (Lysergic acid diethylamide.)

Answer 36

LSD

Question 37

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.

Answer 37

Near-death experience

Question 38

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

Answer 38

THC

Question 39

The purposeful movement of walking that occurs in a sleep-like state. These people tend to remain in deep sleep during a sleepwalking episode. Occurs more in children, but adults can experience it.

Answer 39

Sleepwalking

Question 40

Produce sedation and hypnosis, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and reduce seizures. A minor tranquilizer.

Answer 40

Benzodiazepines