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AP Psychology > States of Consciousness > Flashcards

States of Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

A

Circadian rhythms

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2
Q

Rapid eye movement sleep, a reccuring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as peridoxial sleep.

A

REM sleep

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3
Q

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

A

Alpha waves

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4
Q

Periodic, natural loss of consciousness-as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.

A

Sleep

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5
Q

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

A

Hallucinations

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6
Q

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

A

Delta waves

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7
Q

Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep.

A

NREM sleep

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8
Q

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls the circadian rhythm by inhibiting the production of melatonin.

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

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9
Q

Recurring problems in falling asleep or staying asleep.

A

Insomnia

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10
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

A

Narcolepsy

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11
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary endings of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

A

Sleep APNEA

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12
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, _______ occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

A

Night terrors

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13
Q

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping by persons’s mind.

A

Dream

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14
Q

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct for it latent, or hidden content.)

A

Manifest content

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15
Q

According to Freud, the underlaying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content.)

A

Latent content

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16
Q

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

A

Consciousness

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17
Q

A social interaction in which one person (the subject) responds to another person’s (the hypnotist’s) suggestions that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

A

Hypnosis

18
Q

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

A

Posthypnotic suggestion

19
Q

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behavior to occur simultaneously with others.

A

Dissociation

20
Q

Continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.

A

Substance use disorder

21
Q

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

A

Psychoactive drug

22
Q

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s affect.

A

Tolerance

23
Q

Compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known adverse consequences.

A

Addiction

24
Q

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior.

A

Withdrawl

25
Q

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

A

Depressants

26
Q

(Popularly known as alcoholism.) Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use.

A

Alcohol use disorder

27
Q

Drugs that depress CENTRAL nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.

A

Barbiturates

28
Q

Opium and it’s derivatives such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

A

Opiates

29
Q

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, and meth) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

A

Stimulants

30
Q

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood/changes.

A

Amphetamines

31
Q

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

A

Nicotine

32
Q

A powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria.

A

Cocaine

33
Q

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speed-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

A

Methamphetamine

34
Q

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

A

Ecstasy(MDMA)

35
Q

Psychedelic (“mind manifesting”) drugs, such LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

A

Hallucinogens

36
Q

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (Lysergic acid diethylamide.)

A

LSD

37
Q

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.

A

Near-death experience

38
Q

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

A

THC

39
Q

The purposeful movement of walking that occurs in a sleep-like state. These people tend to remain in deep sleep during a sleepwalking episode. Occurs more in children, but adults can experience it.

A

Sleepwalking

40
Q

Produce sedation and hypnosis, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and reduce seizures. A minor tranquilizer.

A

Benzodiazepines

AP Psychology (12 decks)

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