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AP Psych > Testing and Individual Differences > Flashcards

Testing and Individual Differences Flashcards

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1
Q

Intelligence

A

ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

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2
Q

what is general intelligence (g)

A

General intelligence underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

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3
Q

What is s intelligence

A

Special, outstanding abilities

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4
Q

Who developed g intelligence

A

Charles Spearman

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5
Q

What is factor analysis

A

Statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a persons total score

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6
Q

Howard Gardner

A

identified 8 relatively independent intelligences

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7
Q

what are the 8 intelligences

A

visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, bodily-kinesthetic

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8
Q

Savant syndrome

A

Condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

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9
Q

Triarchic theory

A

There are three intelligences. Analytical, creative, practical

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10
Q

Analytical intelligence

A

Academic problem-solving

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11
Q

Creative intelligence

A

Innovative smarts

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12
Q

Practical intelligence

A

Finding multiple solutions to everyday tasks

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13
Q

Musical

A

ability to produce and understand pitch, tempo, rhythym

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14
Q

Visual-spatial

A

ability to think in images and pictures

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15
Q

logical-mathematical

A

ability to think abstractly and see patterns and logic and math

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16
Q

bodily-kinesthetic

A

ability to control body movements and handle objects

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17
Q

Interpersonal intelligence

A

ability to work well with others

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18
Q

verbal-linguistic

A

ability to understand word meanings

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19
Q

What is emotional intelligence

A

Ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

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20
Q

What is the Flynn effect

A

Intelligence test performance has improved. Average person’s intelligence score in 1920 was- by today’s standard- only 76

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21
Q

What is grit

A

Passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

22
Q

What three criteria must an intelligence test meet to be accepted

A

standardized, reliable, valid

23
Q

Standardized

A

To make scores meaningful they are compared to a pretested sample population

24
Q

Reliable

A

The test gives consistent scores no matter who takes it or when it is taken

25
Q

Valid

A

The test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

26
Q

What is the normal curve

A

Scores typically form a bell-shaped pattern. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer scores lie near the extremes

27
Q

In a normal distribution mean, median and mode…

A

are all the same and at the center

28
Q

How do tests remain standardized?

A

Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales are periodically restandardized

29
Q

How is reliability determined

A

The higher the correlation between two scores, the higher the test’s reliability

30
Q

Content validity

A

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (drivers test is valid because it samples tasks a driver faces)

31
Q

Predictive validity

A

Success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict (a test taken by high schoolers predicting what career path is best for them)

32
Q

What is an intelligence test

A

Method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

33
Q

Achievement test

A

Exam covering what you have learned (Past learning)

34
Q

Aptitude test

A

Predicts your ability (Future potential)

35
Q

Francis Galton

A

Wanted to use intelligence testing for Eugenics- selective reproduction used to enhance human race

36
Q

Alfred Binet

A

Designed fair and unbiased intelligence tests to administer to French schoolchildren. Studied mental and chronological ages

37
Q

Intelligence quotient (IQ) formula, what is the average

A

(Mental age/ chronological age) x 100.
Average is 100

38
Q

What is currently the most widely used individual intelligence test

A

Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS)

39
Q

What does the WAIS do

A

designed to measure intelligence and cognitive abilities in adults and older adolescents

40
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

41
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age

42
Q

Cross-sectional research method

A

Compare people of different ages at the same point in time. Scores declined with age

43
Q

Longitudinal studies

A

Follow and retest the same people over time. Scores rise into adulthood

44
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life

45
Q

What two criteria must be met to diagnose an intellectual disability

A

low IQ test score, difficulty adapting to independence

46
Q

What is down syndrome

A

Condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21

47
Q

What is giftedness

A

Youth who give evidence of high achievement capability

48
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Risk of confirming sterotypes about an individual. (By telling a class that boys are better at math than girls, the girls will have lower scores)

49
Q

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy

A

When a person’s expectations of another person lead them to behave in an expected way

50
Q

Difference in intelligence based on gender

A

girls outspace boys in spelling, verbal fluency, locating objects, detecting emotions, and sensitivity to touch, taste, and color
Boys outperform girls in tests of spatial ability and complex math problems

AP Psych (6 decks)

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