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test 2 > test2finalsemester > Flashcards

test2finalsemester Flashcards

survive

1
Q

subluxation definition and intervention

A

displacement of bone from its normal joint position to the extent that articulating surfaces partially lose contact

intervention is to reduce the frx

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2
Q

dislocation definition and intervention

A

complete seperation or displacement of articulating surfaces - tx is urgent intervention due to decreased blood flow and risk of nerve injury

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3
Q

orthopedic fracture classification:

commuinuted

A

bone breaks in two or splinter into more than two fragments

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4
Q

displaced fracture

A

bone break in two or more parts and two ends don’t line up

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5
Q

non displaced fracture

A

bone breaks but stays aligned

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6
Q

avulsion:

A

bone fragment tears away from the main mass secondary to physical trauma

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7
Q

compression frx

A

bone collapses generally in the vertebrae

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8
Q

buckle

A

compression of 2 bones driven into eachother

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9
Q

butterfly-

A

2 oblique fractures line meeting to create a large triangle or wedge shaped fragment between the proximal and distal fragments- looks like a butterfly

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10
Q

greenstick or incomplete

A

bone is bent but not broken all the way through

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11
Q

pathologic fracture

A

caused by disease

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12
Q

articular

A

fracture that crosses the joint

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13
Q

transverse

A

fracture line is perpendicular to the shaft of the bone

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14
Q

spiral

A

break is on an angle through the bone

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15
Q

stellate

A

lines of break radiate from a point at the sight of the injury

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16
Q

stress or fatigue frx

A

hairline crack

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17
Q

segmental

A

2 or more fracture lines that isolate a portion of the bone

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18
Q

intraarticular fracture

A

extends into the joint

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19
Q

intracapsular fracture

A

fracture within the joint capsule

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20
Q

extracapsular fracture

A

fracture extends outside capsule

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21
Q

supracondylar fracture

A

above condyles

22
Q

grade one fracture

A

wound is <1cm, minimal contamination

23
Q

grade two fracture

A

wound is >1cm moderate contamination

24
Q

grade three fracture

A

wound is greater than 6-8 cm, extensive damage to the soft tissue, nerve, and tendon, high degree of contamination.

25
Q

things seen on ortho exam

A

edema, discoloration, decreased ROM, deformity, crepitus, muscle spasm, protruding bone

26
Q

diagnostics for ortho

A

plain film of injury and joint above and below injury

then CT, MRI and Labs

27
Q

Ortho management is depends on if frx is…..

A

open or closed

28
Q

ortho surgical intervention for closed reduction

A

manual manipulation to restore alignment of bone ends, followed by casts, splints, slings, swathes(?)

29
Q

casting 4 points

A

immobilize and support injured deformed and postoperative extremities,
it protects and re-aligns bone
it promotes healing and early weight bearing
you can cast serially to prevent or correct deformities

30
Q

orthopedic frx sx intervention- traction types and countertraction

A

traction is - application of pulling force to injury or diseased part of body while countertraction- generally weight from the pt pulls i the other direction

manual- using hands
skin- pulling force on the skin
skeletal- pulling on the bone itself

31
Q

external fixation

A

an immobilization that employs percutaneous transfixing pins or wires in bone attached to a rigid external frame - it allows a wide range of anatomic correction for congenital and aquired injuries

32
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction and internal fixation - surgical re-alignment of fragments and internal placement of pins, wires, plats screws etc

33
Q

frx healing process hematoma formation

A

1-3 days

34
Q

frx healing process granulation

A

3days to 2 weeks

35
Q

frx healing process callus formation

A

2-6 weeks

36
Q

frx healing process consolidation and ossification with remodeling

A

3 weeks to 6 months

37
Q

compartment syndrome definition

cause

A

increased pressure in muscle compartment of an extremity- cause by frx, hematoma, crush injuries , anabolic steroid use, constrictive bandages, re-established blood flow (sleeping on arm or post op vessel sx

38
Q

5 P’s of compartment syndrome

A 
pain
pallor
paresthesia
pulselessness
paralysis
39
Q

compartment syndrome

history
physical
eval
management

A

compartment syndrome

History -known frx
Physical- pain, palor, paresthesia, pulselessness, paralysis
eval- compartment pressure managemnt with needle check pressure, have pt walk or run and recheck pressure.

management is fachiotomy

40
Q

avascular necrosis

A

lack of blood to the bone causing death

41
Q

avascular necrosis causes

A

injury, racture, long term steroid use, excessive ETOH, fatty deposits in the blood vessels, sickle cell anemia, gauchers diseas

42
Q

risk factors for avascular necrosis

A

trauma, excessive steroid use, ETOH, biphosonate use, radiation therapy, pancreatitus, DM, HIV/Aids, gauchers disease, SLE, Sickel cell anemia

43
Q

avascular necrosis, prevention / complication

A

limit ETOH,
monitor cholesterol, monitor steroid use,
dont smoke
complications -severe arthritis, bone collapse

44
Q

avascular necrosis

H/P

A

H/P- determine cause and risk factors

Physical - examine bones and joints, assess ROM

45
Q

avascular necrosis Evaluation

A

x-ray- normal in early stages, bone change in late stages

MRi, CT scan, Bone scan- damage shows up as bright spots

46
Q

Med management of avascular necrosis

A

Nsaids, alendronate- slows progression of disease,
cholesterol lowering meds- decreases blockage- increasing the blood flow
blood thinners, rest, exercise

47
Q

sx management -

A

core decompression, bone graft, osteotomy - reshapes the bone, joint replacement, regenerative med treatment- bone marrow aspirate and stem cells

48
Q

DJD- osteoarthritis- due to wear and tear
mainly in
high risk group

A

mainly in knees, hands, hips and spine

increased risk in women over 55

49
Q

risk factors of DJD

A

repetitive motion, infection, RA, Muscular dystrophy, osteoperosis, hormone disorders, onbesity, sickle cell, bone disorders

50
Q

DJD H/P

A

pt complains of pain, limited ROM, stifffness, loss of flexibility and swelling, releived with rest initially and when progressed you get no relief with rest

physical- muscle and joit strength decreased
obvious deformity
decreased self care
s/s of depression

51
Q

DJD eval

A

x-ray
MRi/CT
bone scan
joint aspiration fro fluid analysis, arthroscopy to view joint.

52
Q

DJD management

A

pain management- Nsaids, narcs, cortisone, lube injection, weight loss, PT/OT, Joint replacement .

test 2 (13 decks)

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