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Psychology > Test Unit 4 > Flashcards

Test Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychologists use the term (blank) when they are referring to the unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors ,feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual

A

personality

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2
Q

What is true of the personality dimensions across species?

A

Horses high in neuroticism are most susceptible to pain

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3
Q

The (blank) layer of consciousness is what one is aware of at any given moment in time

A

conscious

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4
Q

According to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, the ego operates on the

A

reality principle

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5
Q

(blank) as a defense mechanism, is the unconscious act of keeping threatening or disturbing thoughts, feelings, or impulses out of consciousness

A

repression

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6
Q

Karen Horney, the first major female psychoanalyst, defined (blank) as anger or rage that originates in childhood and stems from fear of being rejected or neglected by one’s parents

A

basic hostility

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7
Q

One advantage of the interview method of personality assessment is the (blank)

A

ability to pose open-ended questions

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8
Q

What is true about personality?

A

it’s about individual differences

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9
Q

Which of the following statements is true about the role of personality traits in the survival of a species?

A

Hypersensitivity to threats is usually debilitating and disruptive to everyday functioning

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10
Q

According to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, the superego operates on the (blank)

A

moralistic principle

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11
Q

According to Hans Eysenck, (blank) refers to how active the brain is at a resting state as well as how sensitive it is to stimulation

A

cortical arousal

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12
Q

Behavioral or personality raters are deemed “reliable” if their ratings compare well with established norms are expert ratings, usually with a correlation of (blank)

A

0.8 or higher

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13
Q

What method of questionnaire development focuses on including questions that characterize a group that the questionnaire is intended to distinguish?

A

empirical method

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14
Q

(blank) is the point at which a person moves from not having a particular response to having one

A

behavioral threshold

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15
Q

On the basis of research on the outcome off the prenatal environment, it is found that birth weight is positively correlated with

A

brain volume

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16
Q

According to Freud’s provinces of the human mind, which of the following is true about the id?

A

It is the part of our personality that we do not yet own; it owns or controls us

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17
Q

Very often, Vincent likes to carry a ladies’ purse, and his body language is primarily characterized by feminine mannerisms. Proponents of Carl Jung’s theory might say Vincent is unable to repress his (blank)

A

anima

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18
Q

Into what perspective on personality did Walter Michel conduct research?

A

social-cognitive learning perspective

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19
Q

Which of the following sets of the Big Five dimensions is known to decrease after the onset of Alzheimer’s disease?

A

openness to experience and conscioentiousness

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20
Q

In one of the methods to examine the relationship among genetics, behavior, and personality, behavioral geneticists look for the location of specific bits of DNA on genes might be particular behaviors. This method is referred to as the (blank)

A

Quantitative trait loci approach

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21
Q

What is true about the ego?

A

If the id wants pleasure, the ego makes a realistic attempt to obtain it

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22
Q

What is true about repression as a psychological defense mechanism?

A

repression underlies all the other defense mechanisms

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23
Q

Alfred Adler disagreed with Freudian theory, suggesting that (blank) is the major motivator of all behavior

A

striving for superiority

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24
Q

The humanistic movement was rekindled in the 1990s and relabeled

A

positive psychology

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25
Q

According to the “4Ds” of determining whether something is a mental disorder, which of the behaviors interferes with everyday functioning, such as participating in social relationships?

A

dysfunctional behavior

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26
Q

What best describes joint attention?

A

The ability to make eye contact with others and to look in the same direction as someone else

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27
Q

Which of the following prenatal infections can be linked to increased risk of schizophrenia?

A

influenza

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28
Q

Different forms of the (blank) genes and stressful events work together to increase the risk of depression

A

serotonin

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29
Q

A (blank) is a repetitive behavior performed in response to uncontrollable urges or according to a ritualistic set of rules

A

compulsion

30
Q

The DSM originates from a (blank) perspective of psychological illness

A

American

31
Q

What is true of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease?

A

they are neurocognitive disorders related to age

32
Q

Who coined the term schizophrenia?

A

Emil Kraeplin

33
Q

Recreational drugs, such as PCP and ketamine lead to schizophrenia-like symptoms by:

A

impairing the functioning of glutamate and one of its receptors, NMDA

34
Q

In the context of stress and depression, research in animals shows that experimental-induced stress:

A

kills neurons in the hippocampus which can lead to symptoms of depression

35
Q

What are cyberchondriacs?

A

people who self-diagnose from information found on the internet

36
Q

Which of the following is an anxious-fearful personality disorder characterized by extreme fear of being criticized, low self-esteem, and a lack of social interaction?

A

avoidant personality disorder

37
Q

Harold is diagnosed with schizophrenia after it was observed that his brain size has changed considerably. Which of the following reasons, if true, is most likely to have led to Harold developing schizophrenia?

A

He suffered abuse and neglect after birth

38
Q

Study of depression found that

A

People who had inherited 2 short forms of the serotonin gene were more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms following stressful events than those who had inherited the long form

39
Q

What is a major symptom of odd-eccentric personality disorder?

A

lack of interest in social relationships

40
Q

What are types of anxiety disorders?

A

PTSD and panic disorder

41
Q

Before 1952, scientists believed that dopamine

A

was precursor of epinephrine

42
Q

Individuals suffering from bipolar disorder:

A

find the initial onset of the manic phase pleasant

43
Q

What is a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

A

Impaired communication

44
Q

In terms of genetics of bipolar disorder, if one identical twin develops bipolar disorder then:

A

there is a 40-70% chance that the other twin will also develop the disorder

45
Q

What is true of psychological disorders and creativity?

A

There is a positive relationship between bipolar disorder and creative thoguht

46
Q

Deviant behavior can be classified as disordered only if it is:

A

also dysfunctional

47
Q

What occurs in the brain of someone who is hallucinating?

A

Activity in the visual cortex during visual hallucinations shows similarity to the brain activity that occurs when visual stimulus is present

48
Q

What leads to panic disorder?

A

anxiety over having another attack

49
Q

What is true of the development of schizophrenia?

A

genes are epigenetically turned on or off by environmental experiences during brain development to produce the disorder

50
Q

What describes persistent depressive disorder?

A

it is a form of depression that is mild in intensity but longer in duration

51
Q

What is a popular perception of dissociative identity disorder?

A

it is a coping strategy gone awry

51
Q

Haloperidol is one of the traditional (blank)

A

antipsychotics

52
Q

What is true about antipsychotics?

A

they are considered by many phsyicians to be the first line of treatment for schizophrenia

53
Q

Any type of psychotherapy that works to restructure irrational thought patterns is known as (blank) therapy

A

cognitive

54
Q

A class of drugs called phenothiazines were discovered by

A

Henri Laborit

55
Q

What is an example of atypical antipsychotics

A

Olanzapine

56
Q

Juan is entering group therapy for treatment of his alcoholism. What can be expected during therapy?

A

a structured process

57
Q

When psychologists make treatment choices based on the empirical evidence of their efficacy, they are engaging in (blank) therapies

A

evidence-based

58
Q

Traditional psychodynamic therapies viewed anxiety as the main symptom of what was then commonly called (blank)

A

neurosis

59
Q

(blank) occurs when people conform to the behavior of others because they view them as a source of knowledge about what they are supposed to do

A

informational social influence

60
Q

(blank) is the type of conformity that occurs when people go along with the behavior of others in order to be accepted by the group

A

normative social influence

61
Q

Which of the following individuals commits a fundamental attribution error?

A

Nadia blames Claude’s bad grades on being less intelligent

62
Q

The (blank) component of attitude consists of the rational thoughts and beliefs that make up the attitude

A

cognitive

63
Q

Sally pushed Tisha out of the way so that Sally could get to the cake first, Sally exhibited (blank) aggression

A

instrumental

64
Q

(blank) is the evolutionary mechanism that prompts individuals to help their close relatives so that they will survive to reproduce and pass on related genes to their offspring

A

Kin Selection

65
Q

In Gordon Allport’s approach to personality, ________ traits represent the overarching elements of personality, ________ traits reflect the specific and personal features that help predict an individual’s behavior, and ________ traits represent the major characteristics of the person.

A

cardinal; secondary; central

66
Q

Which of the following lists of traits could be a description of a person generated by the five-factor model of personality?

A

talkative, sympathetic, organized, stable, creative

67
Q

Which of the following statements is true of personality disorders?

A

They are more consistent than clinical disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder.

68
Q

The major types of schizophrenic disorders include all of the following EXCEPT

A

organized

69
Q

By the end of the second therapy session, a woman’s therapist is speculating about the causes of her depression. This speculation on the part of the therapist is most related to the therapeutic goal of

A

proposing an etiology

70
Q

Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy for their clients characterize the approach of those who practice ________ therapy.

A

client-centered

71
Q

A man has never attended this type of religious service before and finds that he looks to others in order to know what to do and how to act. The man’s conforming behavior is due to __________ processes.

A

informational influence

Psychology (8 decks)

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