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Histology > Test Three Review > Flashcards

Test Three Review Flashcards

1
Q

Interneurons that connect ganglia cells and bipolar neurons are called?

A

Amacrine cells

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2
Q

What cell extends throughout the retina?

A

Mueller

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3
Q

The optic nerve is a bundle of axons that originates from what cell?

A

Ganglion cells

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4
Q

Photosensitive pigments are associated with what segment of a photosensitive cell?

A

Outer segment

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5
Q

What segment of rods and cones consist of mitochondria RER Golgi and glycogen?

A

Inner segment

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6
Q

What does the cell body of a photoreceptor contain?

A

Nucleus and short axon

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7
Q

What photoreceptor is sensitive to low light intensity and responsible for black and white vision?

A

Rods

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8
Q

What photoreceptor is sensitive to high intensity light and gives color vision?

A

Cones

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9
Q

Highest area of visual acuity?

A

Fovea centralis of the macula leutea

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10
Q

Layers of the cornea?

A 
Corneal epithelium
Bowmans mem
Corneal stroma
Descement's membrane
Corneal endothelium-single layer of cells
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11
Q

Lamina cribosa associated with what layer of the eye?

A

Sclera

perforated disc of the sclera

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12
Q

What is the vascular tunic?

A

Choroid
CIliary body
Iris

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13
Q

Fibrous tunic?

A

Sclera

Cornea

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14
Q

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epi with free nerve ending is characteristic of what?

A

Corneal epithelium

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15
Q

Loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers with high vascularity is characteristic of what ?

A

Sclera

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16
Q

The sensory layer of the ciliary body produces aqueous humor. This fluid is secreted into what chamber first?

A

Posterior chamber

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17
Q

Randomly arranged collagen fibers and an acellular layer separating the stroma from epithelium is characteristic of what layer in the cornea?

A

Bowman’s membrane

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18
Q

What layer of the corrnea has an acellular layer of collagen bundles, and separates the stroma from endothelium?

A

Descemet’s membrane

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19
Q

What does the vitreal chamber contain?

A

Vitreous body

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20
Q

What does the canal of schlemm do?

A

Reabsorbs the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber

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21
Q

What structure participates in the formation of endolymph in the scala media?

A

Stria vascularis

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22
Q

Endolymph is found where?

A

Ampullae of semi circular canals

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23
Q

Where is perilymph found?

A

Scala vestibuli and scala tympani

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24
Q

What structure attaches over the oval window?

A

Stapes

opens into the scala vestibuli

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25
Q

What attaches to the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

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26
Q

The helicotrema connects what two compartments?

A

Scala vestibuli and scala tympani

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27
Q

Otoliths are found associated with what structues?

A

Macula of the utricle and saccule- hair cells in contact with afferent nerve ends

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28
Q

Where is the cupula found and what is it?

A

Cristae Ampullares of the Semicircular duct, and it is a gelatinous layer similar to otolithic membrane but without the otoliths

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29
Q

Non photosensitive area of retina lies anterior to what landmark?

A

Ora serrata

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30
Q

What is the ora serrata?

A

Part of the retina divides into photosensitive and non photosensitive layers.
Photosensitive is largest and posterior to ora serrata

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31
Q

What is the junction between the sclera and cornea?

A

Limbus

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32
Q

What layer of the retina is formed by cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and mueller cells?

A

Inner nuclear layer

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33
Q

What forms the outer plexiform layer?

A

Synapses between axons of rods and cones and dendrites of bipolar neurons and horizontal cells

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34
Q

What forms the inner plexiform layer?

A

Synapses between axons of bipolar cells and dendrites of ganglion cells

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35
Q

What characteristic would apply to secondary lymphoid nodules but not primary?

A

Germinal center

36
Q

HIV binds to CD4 antigens, what type of lymphocytes would be most directly affected by this virus?

A

Helper T cells

37
Q

What cells would be most affected if CD8 antigens were mutated?

A

Cytolytic T cells

38
Q

What kind of cell releases tumor necrosis factor acting as a NK cell?

A

CD16

39
Q

If a child is exposed to measles and comes down with the infection what kind of immunity will the child develop?

A

Active acquired immunity

40
Q

What kind of immunity is gained by a mother passing antibodies along through the placenta?

A

Passive immunity

41
Q

Coughing when swallowing wrong, or mucus trapping foreign particles, or stomach acid are all examples of what kind of immunity?

A

Innate

42
Q

What is the first type of antibody expressed by developing B cells?

A

IgM

43
Q

What antibody is responsible for most antibody activity?

A

IgG

44
Q

What antibody is associated with allergic responses?

A

IgE

45
Q

What antibody is found on surface of B cells traveling to lymphoid organs?

A

IgD

46
Q

What structure serves as the entry point for circulating lymphocytes and the lymph node?

A

High endothelial venules

47
Q

Double negative T cells which lack CD4 and CD8 receptors proliferate in what area of thymus?

A

Subcapsular space

48
Q

In the hilus of a lymph node where do afferent lymphatic vessels enter?

A

The convex side

49
Q

Where do efferent lymphatic vessels and arteries and veins enter and leave the lymph node?

A

through the hilus

50
Q

Hassall’s corpuscles are characteristic of what area?

A

Thymus medulla

51
Q

Cords of Billroth are associated with what?

A

Red pulp of spleen

52
Q

What sequence describes the flow of RBC’s through the spleen?

A

Splenic artery, Trabecular arteries, Central arteries, penicillus, venous sinuses

53
Q

Which of the following cell types associated with merocrine sweat glands secrete water and electrolytes?

A

Basal cells

54
Q

What sweat glands have ducts that open into eyelash follicles?

A

Glands of Moll

55
Q

What are sebaceous glands associated with eyelids?

A

Glands of Zeiss

56
Q

Odorant binding proteins are produced by?

A

Bowmans glands

57
Q

The specific type of epithelium covering true vocal folds is?

A

Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium

58
Q

What epithelium covers vestibular folds?

A

Psuedostratified ciliated epithelium and stratified squamous

59
Q

What epithelium covers the lingual surface of the epiglottis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

60
Q

What covers the pharyngeal surface of the epiglottis?

A

Psuedostratified ciliated eipthelium

61
Q

What describes the olfactory mucosa?

A

PSCE lacking goblet cells with no basement membrane

62
Q

The palpebral conjunctiva has what kind of epithelium?

A

Stratified Columnar or squamous with goblet cells

63
Q

What is not necessary part of the respiratory membrane?

a. pneumocyte I
b. basal lamina of pneumocyte I
c. dust cells
d. endothelial cells

A

Dust cells

64
Q

What is a characteristic of an arteriole?

A

Thick tunica media in relation to the size of the lumen

65
Q

What tunic is missing in arterioles?

A

Adventitia

66
Q

Where can subendothelial CT (part of tunica intima) be found?

A

all elastic and muscular arteries and some arterioles

67
Q

In a healthy person where would you expect erythrophagocytosis to be occuring?

A

Cord of billroth in the spleen

68
Q

What has large amounts of elastic fibers in the tunica media?

A

elastic arteries

69
Q

What type of artery is considered distributing?

A

Muscular

70
Q

What are the elastic arteries?

A

aorta
pulmonary trunk
branches of aorta

71
Q

The simple cuboidal epithelium of this portion of the kidney tubule is composed of cells in the form of truncated pyramids which are characterized by basal striations that mark the location of mitochondria.

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

72
Q

Thick segments of the loop of Henle are made of what kind of epithelium?

A

Simple low cuboidal

73
Q

Thin segments of loop of henle are made of?

A

simple squamous epithelium

74
Q

What limb is impermeable to water?

A

ascending

75
Q

What epithelium lines distal convoluted tubules?

A

Simple cuboidal larger lumen than PCT NO brush border, less eosinophillic

76
Q

What cells secrete renin?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

77
Q

What cells respond to changes in sodium and chloride concentrations, signals the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin, and regulate fluid electrolyte balance and blood pressure?

A

Macula Densa

78
Q

What is the mesangium and mesangial cells?

A

Mesangium is part of the glomerulus and formed by mesangial cells

79
Q

What is not a characteristic of bronchioles?

a. absence of cartilage
b. seromucous glands
c. sparse goblet cells
d. smooth muscle
e. ciliated columnar epithelium

A

Seromucous glands

80
Q

Nonphotosensitive region is anterior to the ora serrata and consists of two cell layers covering what?

A

Iris ciliary body and ciliary processes

81
Q

What area on photosensitive cells has mitochondria and other organelles?

A

Inner segment

82
Q

What part of a photosensitive pigment contains nucleus and short axon?

A

Cell body

83
Q

In photosensitive cells what has discs that stay attached to membrane?

A

Cones

84
Q

Photosensitive area of retina lies posterior to what?

A

Ora serrata

85
Q

What has the cell bodies of rods and cones (1st order neurons)?

A

Outer nuclear layer

86
Q

What has the cell bodies of bipolar cells (2nd order) horizontal cells amacrine cells and mueller cells?

A

Inner nuclear layer

87
Q

What is the area of synapses between bipolar cell axons and dendrites of ganglion c ells?

A

inner plexiform layer

Histology (9 decks)

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