Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

inner most layer lining the atria and ventricles consists of endothelium and subendothelial CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the subendocardium?

A

A layer between the endocardium and myocardium containing the purkinjie fibers and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the cardiac skeleton made of?

A

Dense collagenous CT myocardial fibers originate and insert into the skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

External surface covered by simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) Mesotheilum is on top of fibroelastic CT with adipose nerves and coronary vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the tunica intima?

A

Endothelium and its basal lamina. It is found in all arteries and arterioles. Has internal elastic membrane that is thick in muscular arteries and incomplete in elastic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is tunica media?

A

Middle layer made up of circular smooth muscle tissue and fibroblasts contains collagen and elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the tunica adventitia?

A

Outermost layer lacking in arterioles. Consists of loose areolar CT with irregular fibroelastic tissue with adipocytes. Has vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of artery are elastic arteries?

A

More conducting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of artery are muscular arteries?

A

More distrubuing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the elastic arteries?

A

Aorta, Pulmonary Trunk, Large branches off of aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Characteristics of elastic arteries?

A

Stretch during systole and recoil during diastole. Tunica media has layers of elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A
  1. artery
  2. Vein
  3. Nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A

1: vein
2: artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
  1. Internal elastic lamina
  2. Tunica media with elastic fibers
  3. External elastic lamina
  4. Tunica adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Top right: tunica adventita
  3. External elastic membrane
  4. Tunica media
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A

Purkinjie fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Order capillaries from most leaky to least.

A
  1. Sinusoid (discontinuous) Capillary: found in the liver has gaps in the endothelium and basal lamina
  2. Fenestrated Capillary: found in the jejunum, holes all the way through endothelium but basal lamina is in tact.
    1. Continuous Capillary: No holes foundi n pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is this?

A

Foam cells in tunica intima seen in an atherosclerotic aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the respiratory mucosa consist of?

A
  • Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epi. (RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM)
  • Lamina propria- thin layer of areolar CT
  • Submucos- dense irregular CT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What epithelium is found in the nares?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium continuous with the epidermis. Has sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands and hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When does the mucosa begin in the nose?

A

At the level of nasal septum, includes:

  • Respiratory epi
  • Basement mem
  • Lamina propria
23
Q

Describe the olfactory epithelium.

A

Psuedostratified columnar without goblet cells, NO distinct basement mem., located in the roof of the nasal cavity. Contains sustentacular cells with pigment, and basal cells with pigment granules also.

24
Q

Describe the olfactory cells.

A
  • Bipolar neurons- only neuron like cells that can be replaced
  • Apical ends project into nasal cavity with non motile cilia
  • Basal end extends as un myelinated axon into olfactory bulb
  • Cilia processes in apical end contain G protein linked odor receptors
25
Q

Describe the mucosa of the Nasopharynx.

A

Respiratory epi.

Lamina propria with fibroelastic CT, mucous glands, serous and mixed glands and diffuse lymphatic tissue.

26
Q

Describe Submucosa of nasopharynx.

A

Loose Ct and MALT

27
Q

What is Waldeyer’s Ring?

A

Ring of lymphoid tissue around nasopharynx including tonsils and adenoids

28
Q

Describe the epiglottis.

A
  • Lingual surface covered with stratified squamous epithelium and a lamina propria with loose CT and elastic fibers
  • Pharyngeal surface covered with PSCE and lamina propria with tubuloacinar seromucous glands
  • Core is made from elastic cartilage
29
Q

Describe the vestibular folds (false vocal chords)

A
  • Covered with PSCE and stratified squamous
  • Lamina with seromucous glands
    *
30
Q

Describe the true vocal chords.

A

COvered with stratified squamous epithelium and lack seromucous glands in the lamina propria

31
Q

What kind of epithelium is the larynx covered with?

32
Q

Describe the Trachea layers.

A
  1. Mucosa: Respiratory epithelium with thick BM and a lamina propria with FECT and lymphatic tissue
  2. Submucosa: Seromucous glands
  3. Adventitia: Horseshoe shaped cartilage connected by FECT, mixed glands and capillaries
33
Q

Even numbers.

A
  1. Lamina propria
  2. duct of tracheal gland
  3. Mucous acini
  4. Adventitia
34
Q

Odd numbers.

A
  1. PSCE with goblet cells
  2. Submucosa with tracheal glands
  3. Hyaline cartilage
  4. Perichondrium
35
Q

What are the extra pulmonary bronchii?

A

THe primary bronchi lie outside the lung and are referred to as this

36
Q

What is the generalization about bronchi size histologically?

A

As bronchi become smaller there is a decrease in the height of the epithelium and a decrease in the cartilage and glands and an increase in the elastic and smooth muscle fibers.

37
Q

Characteristics of bronchioles?

A
  • No cartilage
  • NO glands
  • few goblet cells
  • Large amount of smooth muscle
  • Terminal bronchioles switch from ciliated columnar to ciliated cuboidal
38
Q

Respiratory bronchioles characteristics?

A

Cilia only in larger respiratory bronchioles

Epi is low columnar to low cuboidal

39
Q

Avleolar ducts characteristics?

A

Squamous epi

40
Q

What do type one alveolar cells do? (pneumocytes)

A

Cover a large surface area and are less numerous than type II

41
Q

What do type II pneumocytes do?

A

Secrete surfactant

serve as stem cells for type one and two pneumocytes and they are very compact and numerous but cover smaller surface area. They are cuboidal or rounded.

42
Q

What are the pores of Kohn?

A

Openings between adjacent alveoli

43
Q

What cells secrete surfactant?

A

Clara cells and type two alveolar cells.

Type two also phagocytize old surfactant

44
Q

Where are clara cells found?

A
  • ONLY in bronchioles
  • Number of clara cells increases as the ciliated columnar cells decrease
  • Abundant SER
45
Q

Dust cells?

A
  • Macrophages from monocytes
  • Phagocytize particles such as polluntants bactera and surfactant that are not trapped in mucous.
  • Relation to congestive heart failure
46
Q

What does the blood air barrier consist of?

A
  1. Thin endothelium
  2. Thin epithelium of pneumocyte
  3. Intervening basal lamina produced by both cell types

allows for gas exchange not for fluid

47
Q

label

A
  1. Alveolar duct
  2. Mucosal folds
  3. Columnar epithelium
48
Q
A

alveolar duct

49
Q
A

Alveolar duct

50
Q
A
  1. alveoli
  2. pulmonary vessel
  3. bronchiole
51
Q
A
  1. Lumen of blood vessel
  2. Alveolar Type I
  3. Air space of alveoli
52
Q
A

pulmonary arteriole

53
Q
A
  1. Alveolar macrophage
  2. Type one alveolar
  3. Type Two alveolar

Histology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions