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Histology > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

inner most layer lining the atria and ventricles consists of endothelium and subendothelial CT

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2
Q

What is the subendocardium?

A

A layer between the endocardium and myocardium containing the purkinjie fibers and nerves

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3
Q

What is the cardiac skeleton made of?

A

Dense collagenous CT myocardial fibers originate and insert into the skeleton

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4
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

External surface covered by simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) Mesotheilum is on top of fibroelastic CT with adipose nerves and coronary vessels

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5
Q

What is the tunica intima?

A

Endothelium and its basal lamina. It is found in all arteries and arterioles. Has internal elastic membrane that is thick in muscular arteries and incomplete in elastic arteries

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6
Q

What is tunica media?

A

Middle layer made up of circular smooth muscle tissue and fibroblasts contains collagen and elastic fibers

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7
Q

What is the tunica adventitia?

A

Outermost layer lacking in arterioles. Consists of loose areolar CT with irregular fibroelastic tissue with adipocytes. Has vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum.

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8
Q

What kind of artery are elastic arteries?

A

More conducting

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9
Q

What kind of artery are muscular arteries?

A

More distrubuing

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10
Q

What are the elastic arteries?

A

Aorta, Pulmonary Trunk, Large branches off of aorta

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11
Q

Characteristics of elastic arteries?

A

Stretch during systole and recoil during diastole. Tunica media has layers of elastic fibers

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12
Q
A
  1. artery
  2. Vein
  3. Nerve
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13
Q
A
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14
Q
A

1: vein
2: artery

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15
Q
A
  1. Internal elastic lamina
  2. Tunica media with elastic fibers
  3. External elastic lamina
  4. Tunica adventitia
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16
Q
A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Top right: tunica adventita
  3. External elastic membrane
  4. Tunica media
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17
Q
A

Purkinjie fibers

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18
Q

Order capillaries from most leaky to least.

A
  1. Sinusoid (discontinuous) Capillary: found in the liver has gaps in the endothelium and basal lamina
  2. Fenestrated Capillary: found in the jejunum, holes all the way through endothelium but basal lamina is in tact.
    1. Continuous Capillary: No holes foundi n pancreas
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19
Q

What is this?

A

Foam cells in tunica intima seen in an atherosclerotic aorta

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20
Q

What does the respiratory mucosa consist of?

A
  • Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epi. (RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM)
  • Lamina propria- thin layer of areolar CT
  • Submucos- dense irregular CT
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21
Q

What epithelium is found in the nares?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium continuous with the epidermis. Has sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands and hair follicles

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22
Q

When does the mucosa begin in the nose?

A

At the level of nasal septum, includes:

  • Respiratory epi
  • Basement mem
  • Lamina propria
23
Q

Describe the olfactory epithelium.

A

Psuedostratified columnar without goblet cells, NO distinct basement mem., located in the roof of the nasal cavity. Contains sustentacular cells with pigment, and basal cells with pigment granules also.

24
Q

Describe the olfactory cells.

A
  • Bipolar neurons- only neuron like cells that can be replaced
  • Apical ends project into nasal cavity with non motile cilia
  • Basal end extends as un myelinated axon into olfactory bulb
  • Cilia processes in apical end contain G protein linked odor receptors
25
Q

Describe the mucosa of the Nasopharynx.

A

Respiratory epi.

Lamina propria with fibroelastic CT, mucous glands, serous and mixed glands and diffuse lymphatic tissue.

26
Q

Describe Submucosa of nasopharynx.

A

Loose Ct and MALT

27
Q

What is Waldeyer’s Ring?

A

Ring of lymphoid tissue around nasopharynx including tonsils and adenoids

28
Q

Describe the epiglottis.

A
  • Lingual surface covered with stratified squamous epithelium and a lamina propria with loose CT and elastic fibers
  • Pharyngeal surface covered with PSCE and lamina propria with tubuloacinar seromucous glands
  • Core is made from elastic cartilage
29
Q

Describe the vestibular folds (false vocal chords)

A
  • Covered with PSCE and stratified squamous
  • Lamina with seromucous glands
    *
30
Q

Describe the true vocal chords.

A

COvered with stratified squamous epithelium and lack seromucous glands in the lamina propria

31
Q

What kind of epithelium is the larynx covered with?

A

PSCE

32
Q

Describe the Trachea layers.

A
  1. Mucosa: Respiratory epithelium with thick BM and a lamina propria with FECT and lymphatic tissue
  2. Submucosa: Seromucous glands
  3. Adventitia: Horseshoe shaped cartilage connected by FECT, mixed glands and capillaries
33
Q

Even numbers.

A
  1. Lamina propria
  2. duct of tracheal gland
  3. Mucous acini
  4. Adventitia
34
Q

Odd numbers.

A
  1. PSCE with goblet cells
  2. Submucosa with tracheal glands
  3. Hyaline cartilage
  4. Perichondrium
35
Q

What are the extra pulmonary bronchii?

A

THe primary bronchi lie outside the lung and are referred to as this

36
Q

What is the generalization about bronchi size histologically?

A

As bronchi become smaller there is a decrease in the height of the epithelium and a decrease in the cartilage and glands and an increase in the elastic and smooth muscle fibers.

37
Q

Characteristics of bronchioles?

A
  • No cartilage
  • NO glands
  • few goblet cells
  • Large amount of smooth muscle
  • Terminal bronchioles switch from ciliated columnar to ciliated cuboidal
38
Q

Respiratory bronchioles characteristics?

A

Cilia only in larger respiratory bronchioles

Epi is low columnar to low cuboidal

39
Q

Avleolar ducts characteristics?

A

Squamous epi

40
Q

What do type one alveolar cells do? (pneumocytes)

A

Cover a large surface area and are less numerous than type II

41
Q

What do type II pneumocytes do?

A

Secrete surfactant

serve as stem cells for type one and two pneumocytes and they are very compact and numerous but cover smaller surface area. They are cuboidal or rounded.

42
Q

What are the pores of Kohn?

A

Openings between adjacent alveoli

43
Q

What cells secrete surfactant?

A

Clara cells and type two alveolar cells.

Type two also phagocytize old surfactant

44
Q

Where are clara cells found?

A
  • ONLY in bronchioles
  • Number of clara cells increases as the ciliated columnar cells decrease
  • Abundant SER
45
Q

Dust cells?

A
  • Macrophages from monocytes
  • Phagocytize particles such as polluntants bactera and surfactant that are not trapped in mucous.
  • Relation to congestive heart failure
46
Q

What does the blood air barrier consist of?

A
  1. Thin endothelium
  2. Thin epithelium of pneumocyte
  3. Intervening basal lamina produced by both cell types

allows for gas exchange not for fluid

47
Q

label

A
  1. Alveolar duct
  2. Mucosal folds
  3. Columnar epithelium
48
Q
A

alveolar duct

49
Q
A

Alveolar duct

50
Q
A
  1. alveoli
  2. pulmonary vessel
  3. bronchiole
51
Q
A
  1. Lumen of blood vessel
  2. Alveolar Type I
  3. Air space of alveoli
52
Q
A

pulmonary arteriole

53
Q
A
  1. Alveolar macrophage
  2. Type one alveolar
  3. Type Two alveolar

Histology (9 decks)

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