Background Objectives

Question 1

General subject matter of histology?

Answer 1

Study of plant or animal cells and tissues.

Question 2

What are the four categories of tissues?

Answer 2

1. Epithelium
2. CT
3. Muscle
4. Nervous

Question 3

What groups do these belong to:

1. Ducts of glands
2. Skin
3. Lining of blood/lymph vessels
4. Fat
5. Kidney tubules
6. Cartilage
7. Tendons/Ligaments

Answer 3

1. Epithelium
2. Epithelium
3. Epithelium
4. CT
5. Epithelium
6. CT
7. CT

Question 4

What did Bichat and Virchow do for the field of histology?

Answer 4

Bichat: proposed that organs were made of “membranes” (tissues), he described 21 of them.
Also noted that diseases attack tissues, not the entire body or whole organ.

Virchow: came up with pathological processes through the concept of Cell Theory-life from life

Question 5

What did Kolliker, Schleiden, and Schwann do for the field of microscopy?

Answer 5

Schleiden recognized that cell is the basic unit of life. Believed cells budded from the nucleus, called Free CellFormation Theory.

Schwann: compared animal and plant cells,distinguished btw 5 classes of tissues.

Kolliker: wrote the first histology textbook, applied Schwanns theory to embryonic dev.

Question 6

What did Jansen’s, Hooke, and Leuwenhoek contribute to the microscope?

Answer 6

Janssens: made the first compound microscope with 30x magnification

Hooke: coined “cell”, described cork

Leeuwenhoek: made 247+ simple microscopes with 100x magnification

Question 7

What is the refraction of light & the unit it’s measured in?

Answer 7

Refraction is how light waves are transmitted through mediums.

- vacuums light travel at fixed velocity
- velocity is slowed through air water glass
- Diopter

Question 8

How is RI calculated?

Answer 8

RI= Velocity of light/velocity of light

inside the medium

Question 9

How does focal point and length relate to refraction and what are they?

Answer 9

Focal Pt.: area where ALL parallel rays of light will pass through after they have passed through each part of the lens.

Focal Length: distance from center of lens to the focal point

Question 10

Real images versus Virtual images.

Answer 10

Real images form when object is outside of the focal point, it is INVERTED, it CAN be projected, differs innsize for, the actual object.

Virtual images are formed when the object is inside the focal point. NOT inverted, CANNOT be projected, CAN be magnified

Question 11

What is resolution, how is it calculated and how can it be increased?

Answer 11

Resolution is the ability to distinguish two points from being one. Depends upon the diameter of diffraction lines around the point.

Res=d= 0.61(gamma-wavelength)/ 
                 n sin(alpha)

To improve resolution you must have a higher RI and shorter wavelengths.