Test revision questions Flashcards
- The Industrial Revolution was preceded by:
c. Agricultural Revolution
- The process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities:
d. Urbanisation
- Who is Isambard Brunel:
c. An engineer, whose achievements include: the engineer of the Great Western Railway, built the first ship wholly powered by steam (the SS Great Britain), and who worked on the first tunnel under the Thames River.
- What is a flying shuttle:
b. An invention that made weaving cloth easier and faster.
- The industrialist who introduced the assembly line was:
a. Henry Ford
- Discuss the role that canals played in the Industrial Revolution.
o Canals allowed for the greater exploitation of coal reserves as the coal could be moved further, and sold cheaper, allowing a new market to form. Industries could now relocate to coalfields or move to towns, and the materials and products could be moved either way.
o Canals stimulated new ways of raising capital, as the majority of canals were built as joint stock companies, with each company having to apply for an act of Parliament. Once created, they could sell shares and buy land, bringing in widespread investment, not just local.
o The creation of canals created a new, paid, labor force called ‘navvies’ (short for Navigators), increasing spending power at a time when industry needed markets, and each canal needed people to load and unload.
o New opportunities in mining, hardware, and other industries, for instance, the potteries, as markets for goods opened right up.
- What were the two main causes in the growth of Britain’s population from 6.5 million in 1750 to 32.5 million in 1900?
1o Changes in marriage age
o Improvement in health allowing more children to live to adult hood
o Increasing birth rates.
o Large numbers of people relocating from rural regions into large cities to be closer to their new factory workplaces
a. Why did railway use during the Industrial Revolution increase ?
o Invention of and ever increasing reliance on railways during IR.
b. Why was Great Britain the leader in building railways?
o They were the pioneers of railway transportation (of both goods and population).
o Strong iron production in the country, able to construct railways because of this access.
- Explain the importance of coal in the Industrial Revolution?
o Source of power - heat energy it created was transformed into mechanical energy thanks to the development of the steam engine.
o Was used to create and manufacture iron.
o Coal was a key player in the economic development of countries during the IR.
o Linked to transport - coal needed a strong transport network to be able to move large heavy goods.
- Why were women and children often given jobs over male workers during the Industrial Revolution?
Because they could be paid less and exploited more.
- Using the picture below, identify AND explain THREE aspects of working conditions during the Industrial Revolution.
o Working with dangerous machines - unsafe working environment-
o Long tiring days-The working conditions that working-class people faced were known to include: long hours of work (12-16 hour shifts),
o Potential to be exposed to harsh chemicals which can affect health
- Identify and explain THREE long-term impacts of the Industrial Revolution.
o Increase of urbanisation-Cities grew because industrial factories required large workforces and workers and their families needed places to live near their jobs. Factories and cities attracted millions of immigrants looking for work and a better life in the United States.”
o Widening gap between rich and poor-Industrialization results in a wider gap between the rich and poor due to a division of labor and capital.
o Impact on environment-The use of chemicals and fuel in factories resulted in increased air and water pollution and an increased use of fossil fuels.
- Identify THREE inventions invented during the Industrial Revolution AND explain its significance to the Industrial Revolution. (6 marks)
o Spinning jenny-The invention increased the production ability of textile manufactures and was particularly important for cotton.
o Flying shuttle-The flying shuttle was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. It allowed a single weaver to weave much wider fabrics, and it could be mechanized, allowing for automatic machine looms.
o Telephone-The telephone had a huge impact on the communication during the industrial revolution because it lets you communicate much faster lets you communicate with people in different countries and helps reduce many misunderstandings which lead to bad outcomes.
- What is the concept of producing large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply:
Mass production