8.5 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

• What was arguably the most important “invention” of the industrial revolution?

A

James Watt developed perhaps the most important invention of the era with his steam engine made in 1776. In a broader sense it was large scale production, where lot’s of workers worked in one place. Factories.

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2
Q

What was the new method of production called in the IR?

A

The method of production is called “the factory system”

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3
Q

• How did manufacturing take place before the “factory system”?

A

Before the IR, production was a “cottage industry” a skilled worker working in their house

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4
Q

• Give examples of some of the local trades and what they made before the factory system.

A
  1. Blacksmith - iron items e.g. horseshoes, bridles, kettles, saucepans, pots
    Weavers - they wove cloth from yarn
    Cartwrights - carts for loads and buggies
    Wheelwrights - all shapes and sizes of wheels
    Miller - ground to wheat, to flour and then to bake bread
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5
Q

Contrast the “skill” level of the old system with the “Skill” level of the factory system.

A

Old system->skilled worker/new system-unskilled.

Fewer of these workers were skilled because most of the manufacturing was done by machines.

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6
Q

• How were the machines in the new factories powered?

A

Watermills first then steam, later electricity

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7
Q

What was produced in the first factories?

A

Cotton mills.

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8
Q

• What were the inventions that enabled the cotton mill to mass produce cotton and wool?

A

Flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, Crompton’s mule.

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9
Q

• How did the flying shuttle work?

A

It allowed a single weaver to weave much wider fabrics, which meant it was much faster then by hand.

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10
Q

• How did the spinning jenny work?

A

Spins multiple yarns of cotton thread at once.

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11
Q

What was innovative about the water frame?

A

Was an improved spinning machine, powered by water.

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12
Q

• What did the invention known as Crompton’s mule allow?

A

A single power source to power multiple machines.

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