Industrial revolution short answer (section A) Flashcards
- Identify two factors that led to the Industrial Revolution era.
During the second agricultural revolution, humans industrialized farming to produce greater crop yields with fewer workers. The increased use over human and animal power in farming also meant fewer farm workers were needed and they could leave for industrial towns. The agricultural revolution also resulted in an increase in population which led to the industrial revolution. Another factor that lead to the Industrial Revolution was the inventions of the spinning Jenny, Crompton’s Mule, Water frame and the steam engine. The most important invention that led to the Industrial Revolution was as it powered factories, locomotives and ships which was all crucial in the development in the industrial revolution.
- Name a technological innovation developed during the Industrial Revolution.
The spinning jenny was invented in by James Hargreaves in 1765 which played a very important role in the Industrial revolution. It could spin eight threads of cotton at once, whereas traditional spinning wheel could only spin one thread of cotton at a time. This greatly increased the demand for cotton, wool and other materials that could be woven into clothing.
What is a spinning jenny? How did this invention herald the start of the Industrial Revolution era?
The spinning jenny was invented in by James Hargreaves in 1765 which played a very important role in the Industrial revolution. It could spin eight threads of cotton at once, whereas traditional spinning wheel could only spin one thread of cotton at a time. The invention moved the textile industry from home to factories which allowed the cotton to be mass produced.
2 short term impacts of the IR
A positive short term impact of the Industrial revolution was improved hygiene Over time, conditions in the urban slums of factory town and cities improved. A short term positive impact of the industrial revolution was the improved development of the railways which meant travel times were shorter and cheaper even for the working class.
Long term impacts of the IR
A negative long term impact is air pollution as factories released toxic chemicals in the air that were harmful to the environment. Urbanisation where people moved from country side to cities and towns for job opportunities and for better pay.
Explain how the development of new technology in the textiles industry led to racial inequality in the United States of America.
The market for cotton led the US economy into cotton growing in the South and the slaves were brought over to pick the cotton.
Briefly describe life in Britain before 1750. How did people live and contribute to society?
Around 80 percent of the population of Britain of people lived and worked on small farms on rural areas. Most farms harvested small crops each year and raised small herds of livestock (sheep and cattle). By comparison, manufacturing, mining and trade employed relatively few people in Britain. Manufacturing was small and localised as it was called a “cottage industry” where a skilled worker did their job from home as there were very little to no factories, breweries or mills before 1750. There were long working days working from sunrise to sunset. Most people rarely travelled from the places where they lived and worked as Britain’s.
Why was there an increase of child workers in factories during the Industrial Revolution?
Even though there was work available, the wages were extremely low, therefore many families were forced to seek supplemental work. These families were faced with hardships such as debt and one option they had was to have their children become employed in order to make enough money. Another factor that lead to the increase in child workers in factories was the fact that children were employed over males during the Industrial revolution. Children were employed over male workers as they are cheaper to employ and they can be exploited more.
Social impacts IR
Developments of new technologies such as the telephone and other communication methods meant that communciation could be done almost instantly over large distances.
political impacts IR
Pressure for the government to legislate things like better working conditions
Economic impacts IR
There was a lot of crime during the Industrial revolution, especially from the poor people living in slums. This meant the government had to worry about crime.
Environmental impacts IR
A negative long term impact is air pollution as factories released toxic chemicals in the air that were harmful to the environment.
Global impact during IR
Eventually the developments in the UK spread to the European countries like Belgium and Germany which industrialised quickly.
How is the industrial revolution linked to the concept of slavery?
The industrial revolution is linked to the concept of slavery as women and children were exploited when working in factories, breweries, mills ect. Children and women were forced to work long hours, they got paid very little compared to males and they were exploited.
