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History 24-25 > Test Review Sec: 4, 5 > Flashcards

Test Review Sec: 4, 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Fine windblown yellow soil

A

loess

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2
Q

Group of families with a common ancestor

A

Dynastic Rule

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3
Q

China’s most famous philosopher

A

Confucius

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4
Q

System of ideas

A

philosophy

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5
Q

An old man when Confucius was a young scholar.

A

Laozi

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6
Q

Animal bone or turtle shell used by priests to predict the future.

A

Oracle Bone

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7
Q

The art of producing beautiful handwriting

A

calligraphy

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8
Q

Respect for parents

A

Filial piety

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9
Q

His father was the king of the Qin territory. Shi became king when he was 13

A

Shi Huangdi

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10
Q

He was the eleventh son and wasn’t destined to be ruler but his relatives convinced him.

A

Wudi

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11
Q

Policy of increasing the amount of territory a government holds

A

expansionism

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12
Q

Government officials

A

Civil servants

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13
Q

Local military rulers

A

warlords

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14
Q

Medical treatment in which needles are inserted in the skin at specific points to relieve pain or treat various illnesses

A

acupuncture

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15
Q

Which two (2) mountain ranges to the west and southwest blocked the easy movement of people?

A

Tian Shan and the Himalayas

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16
Q

Which three regions did Chinese goods reach at its peak?

A

Middle East, Africa, and Europe

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17
Q

Where does the Chinese heartland lay within?

A

East coast and the valleys of the Huang and the Chang River

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18
Q

What did these bodies of water serve as for the Chinese?

A

Irrigation and transportation routes

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19
Q

What region within the Himalayas did China extend its influence into?

A

Tibet in Chinese is called Xizang

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20
Q

What led to the rise of a strong central gov’t in Ancient China?

A

People learned to farm and they controlled the river flow in large water projects.

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21
Q

Why was it nicknamed the “River of Sorrows”?

A

It earned its name because loess settles to the bottom and it raises the water levels.

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22
Q

What was the Shang Dynasty capital and what was unique about it?

A

The capital was Anyang and what was unique about it was that it was a walled city.

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23
Q

Who likely governed most of the land in Shang China, and what were they heads of?

A

The princes and nobles governed most of the land. They were heads of clans.

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24
Q

What did artisans make in Shang China?

A

Produced bronze weapons, silk robes, and jade jewelry

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25
Q

In what ways did merchants organize trade?

A

They exchanged local foods and salts for shells and other goods not found in the northeast

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26
Q

What were the majority of people in Shang China classified as?

A

Peasants

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27
Q

To justify their rebellion against the Shang, what did they claim?

A

The Mandate of Heaven

28
Q

According to the Chinese, what were signs that the dynasty had lost the favor of the Mandate of Heaven?

A

The king of the Shang dynasty was very cruel.

29
Q

When did knowledge of iron-working reach China and what was developed as a result of it?

A

In 600 B.C. is when they knew about iron-working. It helps create iron-axes and ox-drawns

30
Q

What did the Chinese begin to use for the first time, during the Zhou period?

A

Use money.

31
Q

How did this benefit China in the long-run?

A

Made trade earlier

32
Q

What inevitably led to the demise of the Zhou dynasty.

A

The Zhou rulers were too weak to control and lords ignored the emperor.

33
Q

Who was the chief supreme being according to the ancient Chinese and how did the kings and emperors of ancient China have a connection with it?

A

Shang Di was the chief supreme. They have a connection because they prayed to the gods which made it a good harvest.

34
Q

Why would prayers of rulers and nobles to their ancestors benefit society?

A

Help them to victory at war and have good harvests.

35
Q

What did the Chinese call on their ancestors to do?

A

To bring good fortune for their family

36
Q

What would they offer the ancestors in return?

A

Sacrificed food and other necessities.

37
Q

Why did he eventually turn to teaching?

A

He couldn’t find a government position so he turned to teaching

38
Q

What did his sayings offer advice within and what was his philosophy concerned (and not concerned) with?

A

Living a good and honorable life. His philosophy concerned itself with worldly goals

39
Q

According to Confucius, what were the five (5) most important relationships for people to maintain a good life?

A

Ruler to Subject
Parent to Child
Husband to Wife
Elder brother to younger brother
Friend to friend

40
Q

According to Confucius, what was the ruler’s main responsibility and what was the best character quality of a ruler?

A

The ruler’s main responsibility was to lead by example. Best quality a ruler should have is virtuous.

41
Q

What did he place great emphasis on?

A

The education for men

42
Q

Explain the forces of yin & yang?

A

Yin was the female force that represented Earth and darkness. The yang was the male force that represented heaven and light.

43
Q

Which Asian countries did Confucianism spread into?

A

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam

44
Q

What was Daoism concerned with, and also not concerned with?

A

Daoism was more concerned with nature than human affairs like Confucianism.

45
Q

Who was its founder and what is unique about him?

A

Laozi was the founder of Daoism. He is unique because he lived without leaving a trace.

46
Q

What did Daoist reject as well as emphasize?

A

Daoist rejected fighting and conflicts. He emphasized the virtue of yielding.

47
Q

What did many Daoists become?

A

Many Daoists became hermits, artists, and poets.

48
Q

How long did Shi Huangdi spend conquering the warring states within the empire?

A

20 years

49
Q

What did he force noble families to do and what did he do with their land?

A

Forced people to live in his capital and divided their land among the peasants.

50
Q

Explain how he created uniformity within China:

A

The first emperor replaced diverse coins with Qin coins. Scholars created peace in Chinese writing. Workers strengthened the transportations system by repairing roads and canals.

51
Q

According to legalism creator Hanfeizi, what was the cause for most conflicts?

A

Greed

52
Q

To Legalists, what was a ruler’s greatest virtue?

A

Strength

53
Q

Which books were ordered to be burned? Which were procured?

A

Burned: Any literature and philosophy Procured: Medicine and agriculture

54
Q

What did the wall demonstrate of the emperor’s ability to do?

A

Mobolized China’s vast resources

55
Q

What did Liu Bang set about restoring to China, as he took power?

A

Restoring order and putting justice to his empire.

56
Q

Which philosophy did the Han Dynasty follow to operate its government?

A

Confucianism

57
Q

What was Emperor Wudi’s nickname?

A

Warrior emperor

58
Q

Of what goods did he establish a monopoly of for his gov’t?

A

Iron and salt

59
Q

Why did he have granaries set up?

A

So that the government could buy grain when it was an abundant of it and sell it when it is scarce.

60
Q

Where did he expand his military outposts into, as a part of his policy of expansionism?

A

Manchuria, Korea, Northern Vietnam, Tibet, and Central Asia

61
Q

Which types of goods were brought into China, as a result of the exchange of the Silk Road?

A

Grapes, figs, cucumbers, horses, and Muslin cloth.

62
Q

Which goods and religion was exported out of China during this cultural diffusion?

A

Silk and it was sent across the Mediterranean and Rome.

63
Q

According to this system, how did gov’t officials gain their position?

A

By merit

64
Q

At which level(s) was the exam given and what did they have to study?

A

National levels and they had to study Confucion classics, history, poems, and handbooks

65
Q

How long did the civil service system last?

A

2,000 years

66
Q

How exactly did the Han dynasty fall/collapse? Explain:

A

They couldn’t control the local military rulers.

67
Q
A

History 24-25 (3 decks)

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