Chapter 8 Test Review Flashcards
1
Q
An amount that is more than needed; excess
A
Surplus
2
Q
Valuable product
A
Commodity
3
Q
Early West African trading kingdom located in parts of present day Mauritania and Mali
A
Ghana
4
Q
West African ruler who was responsible for laying the groundwork for Mali to be rich and powerful kingdom
A
Sundiata
5
Q
Medieval West African trading empire located in present day Mali
A
Mali
6
Q
Islamic ruler of Mali who came to the throne in 1312 and expanded Mali’s borders to the Atlantic Ocean. Richest man
A
Mansa Musa
7
Q
West African kingdom located in present day Mali, Niger, and Nigeria
A
Songhai
8
Q
Trading center and powerful ancient kingdom in northern present-day Ethiopia
A
Axum
9
Q
Strategic trading port of the kingdom of Axum
A
Adulis
10
Q
Ancient Greek term for Axumite kingdom; present-day country in East Africa
A
Ethiopia
11
Q
Ruler of Ethiopia who came to power in the 1200s. Built eleven Christians church
A
Laibela
12
Q
East African culture that emerged about A.D. 1000
A
Swahili
13
Q
Powerful East African medieval trading center and city-state located in south-eastern present-day Zimbabwe
A
Great Zimbabwe
14
Q
Portuguese prince and patron of explorers who helped his father capture the Moroccan city of Ceuta, became its governor, and sponsored voyages to the Madeira Islands and the West African coast
A
Prince Henry
15
Q
Park-like landscape of grasslands with scattered trees that can survive dry spells, found in tropical areas with dry seasons
A
Savanna
16
Q
Largest desert in the world, covering almost all of North Africa
A
Sahara
17
Q
Waterfall
A
Cataract
18
Q
Process by which fertile or semi-desert land becomes desert
A
Desertification
19
Q
Root language of West Africa on which some early African migration patterns are based
A
Bantu
20
Q
Ancient kingdom of northeastern Africa, also called Kush
A
Nubia
21
Q
King of Kush around 750 to 719 B.C. He was known for his military prowess throughout North Africa
A
Piankhi
22
Q
Capital of the ancient kingdom of Nubia
A
Meroe
23
Q
Born around 145 A.D. He was an emperor who converted the Roman government into a military monarchy. Example to other Roman rulers
A
Septimius Severus
24
Q
Surplus
A
An amount that is more than needed; excess
25
Commodity
Valuable product
26
Ghana
Early West African trading kingdom located in parts of present day Mauritania and Mali
27
Sundiata
West African ruler who was responsible for laying the groundwork for Mali to be rich and powerful kingdom
28
Mali
Medieval West African trading empire located in present day Mali
29
Mansa Musa
Islamic ruler of Mali who came to the throne in 1312 and expanded Mali’s borders to the Atlantic Ocean. Richest man
30
Songhai
West African kingdom located in present day Mali, Niger, and Nigeria
31
Axum
Trading center and powerful ancient kingdom in northern present-day Ethiopia
32
Adulis
Strategic trading port of the kingdom of Axum
33
Ethiopia
Ancient Greek term for Axumite kingdom; present-day country in East Africa
34
Laibela
Ruler of Ethiopia who came to power in the 1200s. Built eleven Christians church
35
Swahili
East African culture that emerged about A.D. 1000
36
Great Zimbabwe
Powerful East African medieval trading center and city-state located in south-eastern present-day Zimbabwe
37
Prince Henry
Portuguese prince and patron of explorers who helped his father capture the Moroccan city of Ceuta, became its governor, and sponsored voyages to the Madeira Islands and the West African coast
38
Savanna
Park-like landscape of grasslands with scattered trees that can survive dry spells, found in tropical areas with dry seasons
39
Sahara
Largest desert in the world, covering almost all of North Africa
40
Cataract
Waterfall
41
Desertification
Process by which fertile or semi-desert land becomes desert
42
Bantu
Root language of West Africa on which some early African migration patterns are based
43
Nubia
Ancient kingdom of northeastern Africa, also called Kush
44
Piankhi
King of Kush around 750 to 719 B.C. He was known for his military prowess throughout North Africa
45
Meroe
Capital of the ancient kingdom of Nubia
46
Septimius Severus
Born around 145 A.D. He was an emperor who converted the Roman government into a military monarchy. Example to other Roman rulers
47
What did Europeans want specifically within the Trans-Saharan trade network?
Gold & Diamonds
48
Aside from the Sahara, what are the other two (2) major deserts in Africa?
Namib, Kalahari
49
The most populated regions of Africa known as:
The Savannas
50
Which IS NOT one of the three (3) countries near the Mediterranean that were linked by trade?
Botswana
51
What city had an abundance of salt and in which region of Africa was it scarce?
Tagaza and the Savannas
52
Where is the most fertile farmland found?
Along the Mediterranean coast, and at the tip of southern Africa
53
Where within Africa holds evidence that points to the earliest ancestors of modern people?
Great Rift Valley
54
True or False: Bantu-speakers migrated into southern Africa that Contributed to the rich diversity of cultures
True
55
Which IS NOT one of the important rivers within this Western/Central region of Africa?
Nile
56
What type of terrain is the interior of Africa?
High Plateau
57
What is the largest desert in the world and the most populated regions of Africa known as?
The Savannas are the most populated. The Sahara is the largest desert.
58
What are the other two (2) deserts in Africa and where are they located?
Kalahari and Nambi are the other deserts. They are located in the South
59
Where is the most fertile farmland found?
Mediterranean Coast of North Africa and the tip of Southern Africa
60
What type of terrain is the interior of Africa, and name the 3 important rivers there?
High plateau. Zambezi, Congo, and Niger are the important rivers
61
What were some important items of early trade networks within Africa, and what did Europeans want specifically?
Salt, gold, iron, and copper were important items. The Europeans wanted to seek control of lands
62
How did trade between Asia and Africa increase with the introduction of the camel? Whereas, what could camels do specifically?
Camels revolutionized trade across the Sahara. Camels can carry 500 pounds and travel 20-30 miles a day without water
63
According to archaeologists, where within Africa holds evidence that points to the earliest ancestors of modern people?
Great Rift Valley
64
What happened as the Bantu-speakers migrated into southern Africa?
They spread their skills in farming, iron working, and domesticating animals
65
What three (3) countries near the Mediterranean were linked by trade?
Egypt, Greece, Mesopotamia
66
What did Romans develop within North Africa?
They developed farmlands to harvest bumper crops of grain, fruit, and other foods
67
How did Muslim, Jewish, and Christian traders and merchants interact with each other?
As commerce expanded
68
By 100 A.D., where were farming villages expanding upon?
Along the Senegal and Niger Rivers and around Lake Chad
69
How were trading patterns constructed?
Savanna to the forest lands in the south and then funneled good across the Sahara to the Mediterranean world and the Middle East
70
Where was gold widely available within and where was it carried to?
Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal. It was carried to markets in North Africa and eventually Europe
71
In return, what would West Africa's trade in order get salt and why was this commodity so heavily needed?
Gold for salt. Salt was a commodity because people needed salt in their diet to prevent dehydration. It’s also used to preserve food. Some places like Sahara and Taghaza had an abundance of salt. However, the Savanna was scarce
72
What city had an abundance of salt and in which region of Africa was it scarce?
Sahara and Taghaza had an abundance of salt. However, the Savanna was scarce
73
How did both monarchs and merchants (traders) take advantage of this new system?
Both of them brought their customs and ideas as they traveled
74
What does Ghana mean and what modern day countries did it lie within?
Ghana means ruler. It lies several hundred miles to the south
75
What two streams of trade came together in the marketplaces of Ghana?
Gold and salt
76
Of whom would the kings employ within their court, and what features about governance did they adapt to?
Muslims as counselors and officials. They adapted some military technology and ideas about government and law
77
What did Muslim merchants introduce and what was their emphasis on?
Introduce their Arabic language and writing, coinage, and business methods
78
What did Muslim scholars and the educated do for Ghana, overall?
Some of them traveled with Muslim traders into West Africa and other continents. Some rulers also converted to a new religion
79
How did Islamic converts adapt with their ancestral beliefs and what was the zakat?
They made the zakat which reflects the practice or charity/giving. Zakat is the yearly tax on certain kinds of property that was used for charitable purposes
80
What happened to Ghana around 1050 A.D and could they (this group of people who conquered Ghana) sustain control for long?
The Almoravids wanted to seize control of Ghana and spread their religion. The Almoravids couldn’t control Ghana for long because of its extended empire
81
According to tradition, who was Sundiata, what happened to his family, and what did he do in order to become a great king?
Sundiata was a sickly boy who was a survivor of Ghana’s collapse. He was alive because he was too weak to be a threat. His family was executed by a rival leader. However Sundiata crushed his enemies. He seized control of the gold trade routes and was the founder of Mali
82
What does mansa mean in Mali and which two (2) cities thrived as a result of its control over them?
Mansa means “where the king dwells”. The two cities that thrived were Taghaza and Timbuktu
83
How far did Mansa Musa extend the borders of Mali during his 25 year reign?
Westward to the Atlantic Ocean and pushed Northward to conquer cities
84
How was Mansa Musa’s both religious and political practices over his kingdom different from later Songhai ruler Askia Muhammad?
Mansa Musa was his religion Islam but didn’t impose it on everybody and promoted freedom and tolerance
85
Who did Mansa Musa bring back from his hajj to Mecca and what did these people do for his kingdom?
Mansa Musa brought back Muslim scholars, architects, and teachers. They introduced Arab styles in the palaces and mosques
86
How did his travels affect European countries?
After everybody heard of Mali’s wealth they became interested in African gold. Which then started a train of cities to trade gold then traded it to Europe
87
Who did the city draw-in for hundreds of years and what did the city become overall for Africans, as time transpired?
They drew some of the best scholars like doctors, religious scholars, and judges. It became a thriving university
88
What were some commercial cities of trade in East Africa and which other groups of people came into contact with them?
Some commercial cities were Kilwa, Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Sofala. The Phoenician, Greek, Roman, and Indian traders came into contact with them
89
How did East African rulers take advantage of the opportunities from the “monsoon winds”?
They used the wind for trading opportunities
90
What did traders acquire from these new ships coming in?
Traders acquired ivory, leopard skins, iron, copper, and gold
91
As more settlers arrived on the East African coast, what happened to the culture of the native people living there?
The culture of the native people blended with other cultures
92
Examples of settlers arrived on the East African coast, what happened to the culture of the native people living there?
Private houses and palaces had a blend of East Africa
Arabic designs that created unique and elegant Swahili furniture and buildings
The Bantu had some Arabic words
Swahili comes from an Arabic word that means “of the coast”
