Midterms Flashcards
1
Q
Loosely organized system of government in which local governed their own lands but owned military services and other support to a greater lord
A
Feudalism
2
Q
In medieval Europe, a lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord
A
Vassal
3
Q
In medieval Europe, an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty
A
Fief
4
Q
Heiress to the dukedom of Aquitaine
A
Eleanor of Aquitaine
5
Q
Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages
A
Chivalry
6
Q
A wandering poet or singer of medieval Europe
A
Troubadour
7
Q
Economic system built around large estates called manors
A
Manor system
8
Q
A peasant bound to the lord’s land
A
Serf
9
Q
Sacred ritual of the Roman Catholic Church
A
sacrament
10
Q
Rules drawn up in 530 by Benedict, a monk, regulating monastic life. The rule emphasized obedience, poverty, and chastity and divides the day into periods of worship, work, and study.
A
Benedictine Rule
11
Q
Having to do with worldly, rather than religious, matters; nonreligious
A
secular
12
Q
The claim of mediviel Popes that they had authority over all secular rulers
A
Papal supremacy
13
Q
Body of laws of a church
A
Canon law
14
Q
Exclusion from the Roman Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey Church law
A
Excommunication
15
Q
A medieval European monk who traveled from place to place preaching to the poor
A
Friar
16
Q
The official split between Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054; another event was the Great Western Schism, a period when rival popes fought for exclusive power and divided the Roman Catholic from 1378 - 1417.
A
Great Schism
17
Q
In what ways did the Church gain economic power during the Middle Ages?
A
The Church had 10% of people’s income.
18
Q
What were some of the effects of the Great Schism?
A
A split between Roman Catholic and Byzantine
19
Q
What were Church attitudes towards women in medieval Europe?
A
The Church thought that women were weak and that knights bad to protect them
20
Q
What role did the Church play in daily life during the Middle Ages? Explain:
A
They would pray three times a day. Everyone wanted their kids to be baptized and people do communions
21
Q
Which of the following was one of the ways Christianity spread across Europe?
A
Traveling missionaries lived and preached among the common people.
22
Q
How did monks and nuns contribute to learning and intellectual life (Hint: scribes)?
A
They copied and preserved ancient works of famous writers
23
Q
Which statement best describes the role of the popes in the Middle Ages?
A
They were spiritual leaders who also exercised secular power.
24
Q
(Blank) is to be purposely removed from all aspects of Church life by papal authority, and have no contact with its members
A
Excommunication
25
How would you BEST describe the factors contributing to the development of the political and social system of feudalism?
Invasions by Vikings and others led to the development of a new system to provide protection.
26
What was the role of knights and nobles in the feudal system?
27
What was the obligation of nobles to the peasants on their estates?
to provide them with protection and land to farm
28
The split of the Great Schism was essentially between Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians, with the latter’s (Byzantine) main city for its faith being:
Constantinople
29
Wandering musician-poets during the Middle Ages, who composed their love songs, praising beauty and wit of women.
Troubadours
30
The code of conduct required by knights to be brave, loyal, and true to their word.
Chivalry
31
Chivalry
Crusade
32
The bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church
Pope
33
The area in the Middle East where the events of the Bible happened
Holy Land
34
Submission to the will of God
Islam
35
Religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
Christianity
36
Religion developed among the ancient Hebrews
Judaism
37
An assembly for church reform
Council of Clermont
38
Was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of Papal States
Pope Urban II
39
Turkish dynasties ruling over a great part of Western Asia
Seljuk Turks
40
What was a feudal contract amongst lords, vassals, and peasants?
The relationship between lords and vassals grew out of custom and radiation and involved an exchange of pledges
41
Describe what a fief was? What did the lord promise to do for the people within his fief?
It’s an estate that the lord granted his vassal. In return the lord protects his vassal.
42
Why was being a vassal during this time period, a complex system?
Vassals had more than one lord so they had a main lord that they have first priorities for.
43
What would the training be like for a young aspiring knight? What was their punishment?
Learn to ride, fight, keep his armor and weapons in good condition. The punishments included: angry blows or a severe beating.
44
How did tournaments change over time?
The tournaments change by having more ceremonies and rituals
45
Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine and what did she do during this medieval period?
Eleanor of Aquitaine is a noblewomen that took an active hand in politics and inherited vast lands in southwestern france.
46
How was a woman’s inheritance (should her father or husband die) severely restricted?
The inheritance is usually passed to the eldest son of the family. If her husband died the woman gained her rights to her land
47
What was the Code of Chivalry and did many knights live up to this cause? Be descriptive:
The Code of Chivalry is required for knights to be brave, royal, and true to their word. Not many knights lived up to these standards.
48
Who were troubadours and what would their stories be about?
Troubadours were wandering musician poets. They told stories about brave knights and their devotion to their women
49
Describe the manor system used in medieval Europe?
Manor system is the lord of the manor that has legal and economic power over the peasants who lived in his estate.
50
Who were serfs?
Serfs was a name for peasants on a manor
51
Describe the requirements for peasants living within a manorial system.
Whereas, what did they have to pay, what did they have to ask permission to do, and what did they have to repair?
Peasants had to work several days a week. They had to farm the lords land, repair his roads, bridgedes, and fences. They had to ask permission to marry and had to pay the lord a fee when they inherited their fathers acre
52
What are sacraments and what did priests collect from citizens?
Sacraments are sacre rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. They collected tithes from citizens
53
What were some of the main events of a person’s life that people would have within the church?
Baptism, marriages, and death.
54
What is a pilgrimage?
A pilgrims journey
55
What was the Benedictine Rule? Describe it:
Benedictine Rule is rules to regulate monastic life
56
What kind of services did monks and nuns provide for Medieval society?
Monks and nuns looked after the poor and sick and set up schools for children.
57
Name at least one famous monk and what he did.
Patrick was a monk who set up teh Church in Ireland.
58
What type of job role did they generally have with regard to books?
Monks and nuns copied the writings of Greek and Roman works.
59
What was the place of worship gathering known as for nuns?
Convent
60
What does papal supremacy mean?
Papal supremacy is authority over all secular rulers
61
What is canon law?
Canon Law is a church that developed their own body of laws
62
What does it mean to be excommunicated? How would this have an impact on people’s individual social lives?
Excommunicated us the most severe penalty it’s when people are cutoff from the Church and sacraments.
63
What were the central differences between the Roman and Byzantine Church?
Roman - clergy couldn’t marry, language was Greek, strong emphasis on Christmas.
Byzantine - Language was Latin, Priests were allowed to marry, celebrated Easter more than Christmas
64
What was the issue over icons that took place in Europe during the 700’s?
People didn’t agree with the holy images so that caused more of the divide.
65
What was the Great Schism? What did each church try to do to the other?
The Great Schism is the permanent split between eastern and western Christanity
66
Be sure to know all five (5) reasons of the causes of the First Crusade.
Selijuk Turks invade Jerusalem, Turks kill 3K Christians, Merchants & Pope want trade Routes, European nobles fighting among themselves, and regain control of the “Holy Land”.
67
At the end of the First Crusade, what are the four (4) Christian states that the Holy Land is now
divided up into?
English, France, Holy Roman Empire, and Byzantine Empire.
68
How many Crusades were there in total over the span of European history?
8 crusades
69
What did peasants contend to seek as a part of embarking with the Christians during the First
Crusade?
Gain land
70
What about serfs and knights, how were they different from peasants?
Promised them freedom and land rights
71
Why did the Byzantine Empire ask the Church for help?
Defend his empire
72
Who was the emperor of Byzantine at the time?
Alexius is the Emperor of Byzantine
73
Who answered this call for assistance by making a famous speech in France?
Pope Urban the second
74
Therefore, in which city did the First Crusade officially begin?
Nicaea
75
What was his argument as to why the Europeans should take up arms against the Turks?
To help the Byzantines
76
Why did Muslims care about the Holy Land, and Jerusalem in general?
Jerusalem is home to an important mosque
77
How many European infantry, cavalry, and knights went to fight in the Crusades?
1,200 cavalry and 12,000 foot soldiers
78
Why did younger sons care about being involved in the Crusades, outside that of religious reasons?
They get more land than waiting for their fathers inheritance
79
What were the other three (3) cities that the Turks conquered, aside from Jerusalem?
Kingdom of Jerusalem, Principality of Antioch, County of Edessa, and County of Tripoli
80
Who were the three (3) central European monarchs that had fought with their Christian armies
during the Third Crusade? Which countries did they rule over?
Frederick the first of Barbossa, Philip the second of France, and Richard the first of England.
81
What did the Muslims permit of the Christians to do in Jerusalem, as a result of the peace treaty
signed?
Christians could stay in Jerusalem. Pilgrims also had access to Jerusalem.
82
Which of the three (3) monarchs died on his travels during the Third Crusade, and what happened to
his army?
Frederick the first. He died from drowning and his army went back home from grief.
83
14. What were the years of the Third Crusade?
1189-1192 A.D.
84
How was King Saladin considered lenient as opposed to leaders of the First Crusade?
He was very ruthless
85
Which countries did he technically rule over?
Egypt
86
Who was the head of the Catholic Church that called for the Third Crusade to begin?
What was his purpose for doing so?
Pope Urban the third because he wanted to take back Jerusalem.
87
Which two (2) other cities did Saladin gain control over, before the Christians decided to embark on
a Third Crusade?
Damascus and Aleppo
88
88
What island country does King Richard I at first capture, on his way to landing in Acre?
Arsuf
89
Why were the island's inhabitants forced to pay a tax to him?
They were forced because King Richard needed money to help him and his army in the crusade.
90
What was the significance of conquering the port of Jaffa for both sides?
Jaffa is a port that supplied Jerusalem.
91
What advantage did the city of Acre have, when it came to being besieged by an invading group?
It was by Jerusalem
92
What was the end result of the battle for Acre?
The Crusaders win the battle of Acre.
93
Why did Richard I have 2,500 Muslim prisoners executed?
He thought that they would join their enemy’s army and there was a delay in paying the ransom.
94
How did Saladin demonstrate respect and admiration for Richard the Lionheart?
Respectable because Richard got closer than any other Crusade to Jerusalem.
95
Why was King Phillip II of France obliged to return home?
This throne was being threatened.
96
What was the military strategy for both sides at the Battle of Arsuf?
Muslims attacked the crusaders. Crusaders formed a protective block around cavalry units.
97
Why was there no victory for the Crusaders at Jerusalem?
They both had to lose a piece of land
98
What else was a result of the peace treaty signed between Richard the Lionheart and King Saladin?
Stay treatment for the Christians pilgrims.
99
What was Richard I’s final suggestion in taking Jerusalem, should there be a Fourth (4 th ) Crusade in
the future…..which there was?
He negotiated with Saldin. There shouldn’t be a fourth crusade because he already made a peace treaty but there was a fourth.
100
One of the effects the Crusades was
Distrust and suspicion for centuries between Christians and Muslims
101
Richard I’s nickname was the Lionheart or Lionhearted due to his actions in battle being:
Courageous and audacious
102
Why was taking control of the island of Cyprus as well as the port city of Jaffa on his way to Jerusalem, a great military tactic for Richard I?
Both the island and the city had excellent resources such as food/weapons
103
The term excommunication means:
To be banished from the church
104
Why was King Phillip II of France obliged to return home?
He had threats to his kingdom and was in fear of losing/abdicating the throne to his enemies because he was away at war
105
What were the other three (3) cities that the Turk’s conquered, aside from Jerusalem?
Acre, Jaffa, Tripoli
106
True or False: – There was only one (1) more Crusade ever made into the Holy Land.
False
107
Which of the three (3) European monarchs died during the Third Crusade?
King Frederick I of Germany
108
Open-Ended: There are four (4) legitimate reasons as to why or what caused the First (1st) Crusade to the Holy Land to happen. CP Classes - Describe at least three (3) of them.
Seljuk Turks invaded Jerusalem, killed 3k Christians, the crusaders wanted to get Jerusalem back.
109
(Blank).....is the formal government of the Catholic Church located within the Vatican
110
True/False: Saladin surrenders all of his army, possesions, and control of Jerusalem at the peace treaty signed at the port city of Jaffa
False
111
The Third Crusade was a successful military campaign for the Christians, as they were able to sack and conquer Jerusalem.
False
112
True/False: Sultan Saladin and Richard I had great respect and admiration for one another?
True
113
What advantage did the city of Acre have, when it came to being besieged by an invading army?
Strong fortification of its walls help to sustain and stave off bombardment from catapults
114
How many European infantry, cavalry, and knights went to fight in the First (1st) Crusade?
15,000
115
Who was the head of the Catholic Church that called for the Third (3rd) Crusade to begin? What was his purpose for doing so?
Pope Gregory VIII – To take back the Holy Land from the Muslims and find the relic of the True Cross
116
Laying a siege (or besieging) a city during the Crusades meant that the army that was attempting to invade was:
Attacking slowly, surrounding the city cutting off supply lines while constantly bombarding with catapults
117
What did the Muslims permit of the Christians to do as a result of the peace treaty signed?
Safe travels or pilgrimages to the Holy Land and back to Europe
118
Explain in significant detail the relationship and overall respect that King Richard the Lionhearted and Sultan Saladin had for one another? - Supply with factual examples of what each had done for one another.
119
What was the purpose of Kings wanting to partake in the Crusades?
120
True/False – By the very end of the Third Crusade, Richard I was attempting to accomplish the feat of conquering Jerusalem with King Phillip II of France.
False
121
The three (3) European monarchs who partook in the escapade of the Third Crusade were:
Frederick I of Germany, Phillip II of France, and Richard I of England
122
Why was there no victory for the Crusaders at Jerusalem?
Both sides were at a stalemate. Richard I had lost a sufficient amount of resources and men to take the city and repel any counterattacks made by Saladin
123
Describe the lasting impacts of the Crusades. What effect did the Crusades have on future centuries to come within Europe?
124
What were the years of the First (1st) Crusade to the Holy Land?
1095-1099 a.d.
125
What was Richard I’s final suggestion in taking Jerusalem, should there be a Fourth ( 4th )?
Cut off the supply line to Egypt preventing any materials and access into the Holy Land, as Egypt was the central-base and kingdom of Saladin
126
(Blank)....are people who work the land for the nobility in Europe, in exchange for residency and a small portion/percentage of food being kept for themselves
Serfs
127
There were three (3) results of the peace treaty signed between Richard the Lionheart and King Saladin. Which of the following was NOT:
128
At the end of the First Crusade, what are the four (4) Christian states that the Holy Land is now divided up into as?
The County of Edessa, The County of Tripoli, Antioch, and Jerusalem
129
The Muslim army that invaded the Holy Land and started the cause of the First Crusade were the
Seljuk Turks
130
What did King Richard I of England do to the 2,500 prisoners he had held captive from Sultan Saladin, and what was his reasoning for doing so?
Executed them due to the failed payment of the ransom
131
Which of these four (4) European leaders DID NOT fight in The Third Crusade for the reasons the pope came up with?
Guy of Lusignon
132
Which European leaders did fight in The Third Crusade for the reasons the pope came up with?
King Phillip II of France, King Richard I of England, King Frederick I of Germany
133
Fine windblown yellow soil
loess
134
Group of families with a common ancestor
Dynastic Rule
135
China’s most famous philosopher
Confucius
136
System of ideas
philosophy
137
An old man when Confucius was a young scholar.
Laozi
138
Animal bone or turtle shell used by priests to predict the future.
Oracle Bone
139
The art of producing beautiful handwriting
calligraphy
140
Respect for parents
Filial piety
141
In what way did China’s isolated geography contribute to its development as a country?
Isolation allowed China to develop on its own, without a great deal of interference from foreign invasion
142
What aspect of Confucianism contributed to its long-lasting influence?
Its philosophy of ensuring social order and good government
143
Why did Daoist painters choose water to represent Daoist beliefs?
Water was a symbol of force within nature as well as the virtue of yielding
144
Which of the following is one of the notable achievements of early China?
a complex system of writing
145
Which of the following is NOT a major physical feature of China:
Khorat Plateau
146
The sediment within the Yellow River that makes it turn its color:
Loess
147
Where did Chinese human civilization and overall history begin?
The Yellow River Valley
148
The divine right to rule by the gods was known as what:
Mandate of Heaven
149
This religious practice focuses on meditation to attain a mental state of nirvana by ridding oneself of all desires and worldly wants in order to avoid suffering
Buddhism
150
True or False: Confucius never wrote his ideas down
True
151
What is the name of the written piece of literature that describes Confucius’ teachings?
The Aralects
152
His father was the king of the Qin territory. He became king when he was 13.
Shi Huangdi
153
He was the eleventh son and wasn’t destined to be ruler but his relatives convinced him
Wudi
154
Policy of increasing the amount of territory a government holds
expansionism
155
Government officials
Civil servants
156
Local military rulers
warlords
157
Medical treatment in which needles are inserted in the skin at specific points to relieve pain or treat various illnesses
acupuncture
158
Which two (2) mountain ranges to the west and southwest blocked the easy movement of people?
Tian Shan and the Himalayas
159
Which three regions did Chinese goods reach at its peak?
Middle East, Africa, and Europe
160
Where does the Chinese heartland lay within?
East coast and the valleys of the Huang and the Chang River
161
What did these bodies of water serve as for the Chinese?
Irrigation and transportation routes
162
What region within the Himalayas did China extend its influence into?
Tibet in chinese is called Xizang
163
What led to the rise of a strong central gov’t in Ancient China?
People learned to farm and they controlled the river flow in large water projects.
164
Why was it nicknamed the “River of Sorrows”?
It earned its name because loess settles to the bottom and it raises the water levels.
165
What was the Shang Dynasty capital and what was unique about it?
The capital was Anyang and what was unique about it was that it was a walled city.
166
Who likely governed most of the land in Shang China, and what were they heads of?
The princes and nobles governed most of the land. They were heads of clans
167
What did artisans make in Shang China?
Produced bronze weapons, silk robes, and jade jewelry
168
In what ways did merchants organize trade?
They exchanged local foods and salts for shells and other goods not found in the northeast.
169
What were the majority of people in Shang China classified as?
Peasants
170
To justify their rebellion against the Shang, what did they claim?
The Mandate of Heaven
171
According to the Chinese, what were signs that the dynasty had lost the favor of the Mandate of Heaven?
The king of the Shang dynasty was very cruel.
172
When did knowledge of iron-working reach China and what was developed as a result of it?
In 600 B.C. is when they knew about iron-working. It helps create iron-axes and ox-drawms
173
What did the Chinese begin to use for the first time, during the Zhou period?
Use money.
174
How did this benefit China in the long-run?
Made trade earlier
175
What inevitably led to the demise of the Zhou dynasty.
The Zhou rulers were too weak to control and lords ignored the emperor.
176
Who was the chief supreme being according to the ancient Chinese and how did the kings and emperors of ancient China have a connection with it?
Shang Di was the chief supreme. They have a connection because they prayed to the gods which made it a good harvest.
177
Why would prayers of rulers and nobles to their ancestors benefit society?
Help them to victory at war and have good harvests.
178
What did the Chinese call on their ancestors to do?
To bring good fortune for their family
179
What would they offer the ancestors in return?
Sacrificed food and other necessities
180
Why did he eventually turn to teaching?
He couldn’t find a government position so he turned to teaching
181
What did his sayings offer advice within and what was his philosophy concerned (and not concerned) with?
Living a good and honorable life. His philosophy concerned itself with worldly goals
182
According to Confucius, what were the five (5) most important relationships for people to maintain a good life?
Ruler to Subject
Parent to Child
Husband to Wife
Elder brother to younger brother
Friend to friend
183
According to Confucius, what was the ruler’s main responsibility and what was the best character quality of a ruler?
The ruler’s main responsibility was to lead by example. Best quality a ruler should have is virtuous.
184
What did Confucius place great emphasis on?
The education for men
185
Explain the forces of yin & yang?
Yin was the female force that represented Earth and darkness. The yang was the male force that represented heaven and light.
186
Which Asian countries did Confucianism spread into?
Korea, Japan, and Vietnam
187
What was Daoism concerned with, and also not concerned with?
Daoism was more concerned with nature than human affairs like Confucianism.
188
Who was its founder and what is unique about him?
Laozi was the founder of Daoism. He is unique because he lived without leaving a trace.
189
What did Daoist reject as well as emphasize?
Daoist rejected fighting and conflicts. He emphasized the virtue of yielding
190
What did many Daoists become?
Many Daoists became hermits, artists, and poets
191
How long did Shi Huangdi spend conquering the warring states within the empire?
20 years
192
What did Shi Huangdi force noble families to do and what did he do with their land?
Forced people to live in his capital and divided their land among the peasants
193
Explain how Shi Huangdi created uniformity within China:
The first emperor replaced diverse coins with Qin coins. Scholars created peace in chinese writing. Workers strengthened the transportations system by repairing roads and canals
194
According to legalism creator Hanfeizi, what was the cause for most conflicts?
Greed
195
To Legalists, what was a ruler’s greatest virtue?
Strength
196
Which books were ordered to be burned? Which were procured?
Burned: Any literature and philosophy
Procured: Medicine and agriculture
197
What did the wall demonstrate of the emperor’s ability to do?
Mobolized China’s vast resources
198
What did Liu Bang set about restoring to China, as he took power?
Restoring order and putting justice of his empire.
199
Which philosophy did the Han Dynasty follow to operate its government?
Confucianism
200
What was Emperor Wudi’s nickname?
Warrior emperor
201
Of what goods did Emperor Wudi’s establish a monopoly of for his gov’t?
Iron and salt
202
Why did Emperor Wudi’s have granaries set up?
So that the government could buy grain when it was an abundant of it and sell it when it is scarce.
203
Where did he expand his military outposts into, as a part of his policy of expansionism?
Manchuria, Korea, Northern Vietnam, Tibet, and Central Asia
204
Which types of goods were brought into China, as a result of the exchange of the Silk Road?
Grapes, figs, cucumbers, horses, and Muslin cloth.
205
Which goods and religion was exported out of China during this cultural diffusion?
Silk and it was sent across the Mediterranean and Rome
206
According to this system, how did gov’t officials gain their position?
By merit
207
At which level(s) was the exam given and what did they have to study?
National levels and they had to study Confucion classics, history, poems, and handbooks
208
How long did the civil service system last?
2,000 years
209
How exactly did the Han dynasty fall/collapse? Explain:
They couldn’t control the local military rulers
210
Look at the rivers on this map. Which river is also known as the Yellow River?
Huang He
211
Who was the supreme god to the early Chinese?
Shang Di
212
Han emperors made ______ the official belief system of the state
Confucianism
213
The dam in this image was built along which river to control its flow?
Yellow
214
What was the name of the Ancient Chinese trade routes that would link China and the West for centuries?
Silk Road
215
“Decay is inherent [exists in] in all things. Work out your own salvation with persistent effort by meditating and ridding yourself of suffering.”
The founder of which religion said these words as he lay dying?
Buddhism
216
Which groups were primarily responsible for spreading Buddhism from India to China?
missionaries and traders
217
Which IS NOT a mountain ranges to the west and southwest blocked the easy movement of people?
Manchuria
218
Which region within the Himalayas did China extend its influence into?
Tibet
219
What was the walled-capital city of the Shang Dynasty?
Anyang
220
Which good was exported out of China during the cultural diffusion of trade through the Silk Road?
Silk
221
Which religion was spread out of China by missionaries during the cultural diffusion of the Silk Road?
Daoism
222
How exactly did the Han dynasty fall/collapse?
They could no longer control powerful warlords
223
Who was the chief supreme being according to the ancient Chinese:
Shang Di
224
Explain why the Yellow River is nicknamed “The River of Sorrows” to the Chinese people:
The yellow river had loess in it which went to the bottom of the river and would flood everything else.
225
According to the Chinese, WHICH WOULD NOT BE A SIGN that the dynasty had lost the favor of the Mandate of Heaven?
Lost commerce in trade
226
Why did Confucius eventually turn to teaching?
He was unable to find a permanent government position
227
Legalism philosophy promotes the concept that (blank) is the cause of most actions and conflicts in society?
Greed
228
Qin Emperor, Shi Huangdi, was a strong proponent of which philosophy to govern China with?
Legalism
229
Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty was nickname (blank) due to his ability to expand his control and set up military outposts in other countries.
Warrior Emperor
230
Which books did Qin Emperor order burned under his rule?
Philosophy & Literature
231
Explain why he ordered the burning of these books asked in Question 21 (we discussed this in class).
a) Whereas, why would an authoritative dictator emperor want the destruction of these types of books in particular?
b) What would they promote?
He wanted only his religion to exist and he didn't want people finding out about other religions. The burning of books would promote people only knowing the way he rules and following him.
232
Confucius emphasized the balance of yin and yang in the universe. Yin =
Earth, darkness, female forces
233
Confucius emphasized the balance of yin and yang in the universe. Yang =
Light, heaven, male forces
234
Which of the following did most people who practiced Daoism (Daoists) ended up becoming?
Hermits
235
Which peasant leads a revolt to overthrow the Qin Dynasty, establishing the new Han Dynasty?
Liu Bang
236
Emperor Wudi practiced the military strategy of (blank) in order to expand his military outposts into other countries?
Expansionism
237
At which level(s) of government was the Civil Service exam given:
a) National
b) Provincial
c) Local
d) All of the above
All of the above
238
How long did the civil service system last?
2,000 years
239
Explain why Emperor Wudi also set up large structures of granaries throughout his kingdom?
What purpose did this serve for his people and the way his government/empire was structured?
When the kingdom has a low of grain he can have it on hand and help the people. Wudi thinks ahead which helps the people of his kingdom.
240
Where does the Chinese heartland lay within?
Along the east coast and the valleys of Huang (Yellow River)
241
What did artisans make in Shang China?
a) Jade jewelry
b) Bronze armor
c) Both A & B
d) None of the above
Both A & B
242
What did the Chinese begin to use for the first time, during the Zhou period?
Money and currency
243
True or False: This is the best unit of study you had ever had
True
244
A people who inhabited early Italy
Etruscans
245
System of government in which officials are chosen by the people
Republic
246
A member of the land-holding upper class
Patrician
247
A members of the class included farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders
Plebeian
248
An official from the patrician class who supervised government and commanded the armies
Consul
249
An official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests
Tribune
250
Block a government action
Veto
251
Basic unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 soldiers
Legion
252
True or False: The Romans took the alphabet, construction techniques, and religious beliefs from the Carthaginians
False
253
The Romans set up a (blank) where, in theory, no single individual would be able to gain too much power.
Republic
254
(Blank) were Farmers, Merchants, and Artisans. Made up a majority of the the pop. Could not initially hold office
Plebeians
255
Which of the following constitutes a person becoming a slave (3rd class) of Roman society?
a) Captured as POW’s
b) Could not repay debts
c) Were born into it
d) All of the above
All of the above
256
What would the Roman government do if a specific military unit fled during battle?
Kill 1:10 within the unit
257
By which date did Rome control most of the Italian peninsula?
270 B.C.
258
A Roman military unit was known as a:
Legion
259
Each military unit (from question 7) consisted of:
5,000 men
260
If surrender was negotiated, terms would be more favorable. Conquered peoples had to:
a) Acknowledge Roman leadership
b) Pay taxes
c) Supply soldiers for the Roman army.
d) All of the above
All of the above
261
True or False: In return, Rome let them keep their own customs, money, and local gov’t.
True
262
What were the famous laws passed in 449 B.C. that gave a clear understanding of laws and granted plebeians more political rights?
Twelve Tables
263
Huge estates brought up by newly wealthy Roman citizens
Latifundia
264
A Roman plebian who became a tribune and lobbied for government reform. He was killed in 133 B.C. by gangs hired by Roman senators
Tiberius Gracchus
265
The brother of Tiberius and a plebeian politician reformist who sought to limit senatorial power. He advanced checks and balances to minimize financial influence. Like his brother he was murdered by thugs hired by the Roman Senate.
Gaius Gracchus
266
A Roman general, master of political maneuvers, and a reformist. He advanced the reorganization of Rome’s government. In 47 B.C he became a dictator and three years later was assassinated
Julius Caesar
267
First Roman emperor of the newly established Roman empire. Long-lasting period of peace and wealth known as Pax Romana
Augustus
268
A Roman general who became emperor. To make the government more effective, he divided the large empire into East and West and appointed a co-emperor
Diocletian
269
First Roman emperor to become a Christian. Prevented the persecution of Christians and helped to strengthen the early church
Constantine
270
Nomadic people of central Asia
Huns
