Chapter 6 test review

Question 1

Huge estates brought up by newly wealthy Roman citizens

Answer 1

Latifundia

Question 2

A Roman plebian who became a tribune and lobbied for government reform. He was killed in 133 B.C. by gangs hired by Roman senators.

Answer 2

Tiberius Gracchus

Question 3

The brother of Tiberius and a plebeian politician reformist who sought to limit senatorial power. He advanced checks and balances to minimize financial influence. Like his brother he was murdered by thugs hired by the Roman Senate.

Answer 3

Gaius Gracchus

Question 4

A Roman general, master of political maneuvers, and a reformist. He advanced the reorganization of Rome’s government. In 47 B.C he became a dictator and three years later was assassinated.

Answer 4

Julius Caesar

Question 5

First Roman emperor of the newly established Roman empire. Long-lasting period of peace and wealth known as Pax Romana.

Answer 5

Augustus

Question 6

A Roman general who became emperor. To make the government more effective, he divided the large empire into East and West and appointed a co-emperor.

Answer 6

Diocletian

Question 7

First Roman emperor to become a Christian. Prevented the persecution of Christians and helped to strengthen the early church.

Answer 7

Constantine

Question 8

Nomadic people of central Asia.

Answer 8

Huns

Question 9

A people who inhabited early Italy

Answer 9

Etruscans

Question 10

System of government in which officials are chosen by the people

Answer 10

Republic

Question 11

A member of the land-holding upper class

Answer 11

Patrician

Question 12

A members of the class included farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders

Answer 12

Plebeian

Question 13

An official from the patrician class who supervised government and commanded the armies

Answer 13

Consul

Question 14

An official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

Answer 14

Tribune

Question 15

Block a government action

Answer 15

Veto

Question 17

Latifundia

Answer 17

Huge estates brought up by newly wealthy Roman citizens

Question 18

Tiberius Gracchus

Answer 18

A Roman plebian who became a tribune and lobbied for government reform. He was killed in 133 B.C. by gangs hired by Roman senators.

Question 19

Gaius Gracchus

Answer 19

The brother of Tiberius and a plebeian politician reformist who sought to limit senatorial power. He advanced checks and balances to minimize financial influence. Like his brother he was murdered by thugs hired by the Roman Senate.

Question 20

Julius Caesar

Answer 20

A Roman general, master of political maneuvers, and a reformist. He advanced the reorganization of Rome’s government. In 47 B.C he became a dictator and three years later was assassinated.

Question 21

Augustus

Answer 21

First Roman emperor of the newly established Roman empire. Long-lasting period of peace and wealth known as Pax Romana.

Question 22

Diocletian

Answer 22

A Roman general who became emperor. To make the government more effective, he divided the large empire into East and West and appointed a co-emperor.

Question 23

Constantine

Answer 23

First Roman emperor to become a Christian. Prevented the persecution of Christians and helped to strengthen the early church.

Question 24

Huns

Answer 24

Nomadic people of central Asia.

Question 25

Etruscans

Answer 25

A people who inhabited early Italy

Question 26

Republic

Answer 26

System of government in which officials are chosen by the people

Question 27

Patrician

Answer 27

A member of the land-holding upper class

Question 28

Plebeian

Answer 28

A members of the class included farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders

Question 29

Consul

Answer 29

An official from the patrician class who supervised government and commanded the armies

Question 30

Tribune

Answer 30

An official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

Question 31

Veto

Answer 31

Block a government action

Question 32

How is Italy different from Greece, whereas, explain its geographic features:

Answer 32

Greece is broken up into small, isolated valleys. Italy’s mountains are less rugged. Italy also has broad, fertile plains in the north and the west.

Question 33

By what year did the ancestors of the Romans reach Italy, and who were they? Along which river?

Answer 33

800 B.C. The ancestors are called Latins. They settled along the Tiber River.

Question 34

What did the Romans learn from the Etruscans up north?

Answer 34

They adapted the alphabet from the Etruscans and learned how to use the arch in construction

Question 35

In which year did Rome officially become a republic and who were officials chosen by?

Answer 35

509 B.C. Male citizens chose the officials

Question 36

Who was the only social class capable of holding office in Rome?

Answer 36

Patricians were about to hold office

Question 37

How many members were a part of the initial senate?

Answer 37

300 members

Question 38

What was the job of consuls within the senate?

Answer 38

Supervise the business of government and command the armies

Question 39

What was the purpose of a dictator and name an early famous one?

Answer 39

A ruler who has complete control over a government. Chincinnatus was a famous dictator

Question 40

What was the first plebeian breakthrough and in what year did this happen?

Answer 40

In 450 B.C. plebeins had a breakthrough. It was the twelve tablets. Which was 12 laws on tablets.

Question 41

What was the title of the plebeian elected officials and what did they have the power to do?

Answer 41

Tribunes are the plebeian elected officials. They had the power to protect their interests

Question 42

How long did the Roman Republic last?

Answer 42

500 years

Question 43

Roman armies/legions mostly consisted of who and what did they have to provide for warfare?

Answer 43

5,000 men. They provided their own weapons and fought without pay

Question 44

Between which years were the three (3) Punic Wars fought?

Answer 44

Between 264 B.C and 146 B.C

Question 45

Why did the Romans call the Carthaginians, Punics?

Answer 45

Named after Phoenician a Latin word.

Question 46

Which islands were taken as a result of the First Punic War?

Answer 46

Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia

Question 47

How did Hannibal make his trek to Rome, during the Second Punic War?

Answer 47

Dozens of war elephants

Question 48

Where did the Romans then attack, in order to counter Hannibal’s offensive and what was the result of the Second Punic War?

Answer 48

The Romans sent an army to attack Carthage. Hannibal lost at his homeland

Question 49

How long was the Third Punic War and what was the result of it?

Answer 49

3 years. The result of the Third Punic War was that Rome destroyed the city of Carthage. The Romans turned it into the new Roman province.

Question 50

In which year did Rome officially become a republic and who were officials chosen by?

Answer 50

509 B.C Roman citizens

Question 51

Who amassed great fortunes and how did they do it?

Answer 51

Generals, officials, and traders amassed fortunes from loot, taxes, and commerce.

Question 52

What were latifundias?

Answer 52

Latifundia are wealthy families brought up in huge farming estates.

Question 53

How did the growth of slavery forever change Rome as a republic?

Answer 53

The growth of slaves harmed farmers because they couldn’t produce food as cheaply.

Question 54

What hurt poor farmers and where did they flock to as a result?

Answer 54

The latifundia because as they conquered land grain quantities rose and the prices went down

Question 55

What was Tiberius Gracchus elected as, in 133 B.C., and what did he call on the Senate to do?

Answer 55

Tiberius was elected as tribune. He called on the Senate to distribute land to poor farmers

Question 56

What were the reforms pushed by his brother, Gaius, 10 years later? (There are 2 of them)

Answer 56

Public funds buy grain to feed the poor. Distribute land to poor farmers

Question 57

A century of what occurred within Rome after the deaths of the Gracchus brothers?

Answer 57

Turmoil and civil wars

Question 58

What was the central issue at hand?

Answer 58

Who should hold power the senate or popular political leaders

Question 59

Who did Caesar and Pompey join up with whom to create what?

Answer 59

Marcus Crassus. All three created the First Triumvirate

Question 60

What did Caesar win in 59 B.C?

Answer 60

Caesar won a consulship

Question 61

What did Caesar accomplish after 9 years of warfare, beginning in 58 B.C?

Answer 61

He accomplished the conquest of Gaul

Question 62

What did Pompey do as a result and what was Caesar’s reaction?

Answer 62

Pompey got jealous so he persuaded the senate to order Caesar to disband his army and return to Rome. Caesar’s reaction was to lead his army to Rome

Question 63

Describe the reforms Caesar had pushed forth between 48 B.C. and 44 B.C:

Answer 63

Employ jobless people Gave public land to the poor Reorganized the government More people have citizenship

Question 64

What happened to Caesar in March of 44 B.C?

Answer 64

All of his enemies stabbed him to death

Question 65

What did this plunge Rome back into?

Answer 65

Civil Wars

Question 66

Who joined forces to hunt down the murderers and what eventually happened to these two (2) men?

Answer 66

Mark Antony and Octavian hunted down the murderers. Both men bickered for power.

Question 67

Describe at least three (3) aspects of Augustus’s (Octavian) rule over Rome:

Answer 67

Population count Jobless to work Made trade easier

Question 68

What did Augustus do in terms of economics and taxes for Rome?

Answer 68

He ordered a census which is a population count.

Question 69

Where did Augustus extend or expand the territorial boundaries of Rome to?

Answer 69

Natural boundaries

Question 70

Which three (3) modern-day countries did Augustus either conquer or invade into?

Answer 70

Egypt to the Southeast Northern Spain to the West Parts of Central Europe to the North

Question 71

What was the leading question after an emperor’s death and what did it often lead into for the people of Rome?

Answer 71

Who would lead after the emperor’s death? It often led to intrigue and violence

Question 72

Describe how both emperors, Nero & Caligula, ruled over Rome:

Answer 72

They were insane and evil. Caligula appointed his favorite horse as consul. Nero blamed Christians for a fire that destroyed most of Rome.

Question 73

What did Emperor Hadrian do?

Answer 73

Codified Roman law and also had soldiers build a wall across Britain to hold back attackers.

Question 74

What was the Pax Romana?

Answer 74

Pax Romana is a 200 year span that started with Augustus and ended with Marcus Aurelius

Question 75

What did Egypt, Africa, China, and India provide to the Roman Empire?

Answer 75

Egypt provided grain Africa provided Ivory and gold China provided silk and other goods India provided spices, cotton, and stones

Question 76

How many emperors ruled in one 50-year period?

Answer 76

26 emperors

Question 77

How did high taxes hurt society and as a result, what happened to many poor farmers?

Answer 77

They created a heavy burden on businesses and farmers. Farmers left their land and sought protection from wealthy landowners.

Question 78

What did Emperor Diocletian do to the empire in 284 A.D?

Answer 78

Restore order

Question 79

How did he combat inflation?

Answer 79

He fixed the prices of many goods and services

Question 80

What two (2) steps did Emperor Constantine take in 312 A.D. to forever change the course of European history?

Answer 80

Granted toleration to Christians Set up a new capital

Question 81

For centuries, from whom did the Romans face many attacks and invasions from?

Answer 81

Germanic people

Question 82

Who attacked and reached Eastern Europe by 370 A.D. and what were their intentions?

Answer 82

The Huns and their intentions were to dislodge germanic people

Question 83

Who sought safety by traveling into Roman territory?

Answer 83

The Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and other Germanic people

Question 84

Where did Rome withdraw its legions from, as a result of this?

Answer 84

They pulled back from the Britain, France, and Spain. As a result invadsers pushed into Italy and threathened Rome

Question 85

What happened in 378 A.D? Who took over Spain?

Answer 85

The Roman Army had a stunned defeat. The vandals took over Spain

Question 86

What was a result of Attila the Hun’s invasions in 434 A.D?

Answer 86

Germanic people flee into the lands of the Roman empire

Question 87

What was his nickname, according to Christians?

Answer 87

“Scourge of God”

Question 88

What finally happened in 476 A.D. and who was the German leader?

Answer 88

Odoacer was a German leader. He ousted the emperor in Rome