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European History > Test Review > Flashcards

Test Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the historical significance of the Enlightenment?

A
  • 1650-1700
  • Individual freedom, popular sovereignty, political and legal equality, and belief in progress.
  • ideas trickled through society and reformed society
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2
Q

What is the historical Significance of Karl Marx?

A
  • 1818-1860
  • German historian, philosopher, and worked in economics and politics
  • To him French Revolution was a rise of the middle class.
  • Industrial Rev. was a products of the French Rev. with middle class manger in factories
  • He saw Industrial proletariats and middle class growing class conflict and predicted a Revolution to occur.
  • He laid ground work for intellectual ideas of Rev.
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3
Q

What is the historical Significance of Adam Smith?

A
  • 1700’s
  • Pioneer of political economics
  • Wrote the “wealth of nations” considered first work of modern economics
  • Supported Laissez Faire economics
  • It stressed states should stay out of growing capitalism.
  • A modern form of libertinism
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4
Q

What is the historical Significance of the Frankfurt Parliament?

A
  • 1848-1849
  • Occurs during the Revolution of 1848 and in the German Confederation
  • It implemented a constitutional monarchy
  • Raised questions about incorporation non-German speaking territory and what German state will develop.
  • Also considered what is German ethnicity
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5
Q

What is the historical significance of the National Assembly?

A
  • 1789
  • 3rd Estate left out of the meeting in Versailles and form their own meeting
  • Represent largest part of pop.
  • Draft the “Declaration of the Rights of man”
  • ->granting equal rights to all citizens of France
  • set up a constitutional monarchy
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6
Q

What is the historical significance of Socialism?

A
  • 18cent
  • Emerges out of proletariats (working class) as a political movement that criticized the effects of the Industrial Revolution on society.
  • Its final goal was to create a classless society
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7
Q

What is the historical significance of Giuseppe Mazzini?

A

1805

  • Italian politician and activist for Italian Unification
  • His effort helped unify a divided Italy
  • Approach was through the heavy population of middle class due to industrialization in Northern Italy.
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8
Q

What is the historical significance of Giuseppe Garibaldi?

A
  • 1807
  • Italian politician and general
  • Fought militarily for the unification of Italy
  • Liberated Sicily with guerrilla warfare called themselves red shirts
  • Approach was “grass roots”, unified peasant from Southern Italy
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9
Q

What is the historical significance of Count Otto von Bismarck?

A
  • Minister of Prussia 1860 - 1890
  • Wanted German Unification
  • In order to do so must conquer Austria
  • Doesn’t want to fight a two front war gather smaller states behind him
  • Creates North German Confederation and nation states
  • First chancellor of United Germany
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10
Q

What is the historical significance of the Franco-Prussian War?

A
  • 1870
  • War between France and the Kingdom of Prussia and Northern German Confederation.
  • Bismarck declares war on France to unite Northern German Confederation
  • War ends in 5 months, ideas of wars were quick
  • King of Prussia becomes King of Germany
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11
Q

What is the Berlin Conference?

A
  • 1885
  • Otto von Bismark calls for Berlin Conference
  • It was caused new imperialism and nationalism to scramble for Africa and to bring order and rules to claiming territory
  • Drew lines and craved out regions of Africa
  • Help created the instability in Africa
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12
Q

What is Social Darwinism?

A
  • Emerged out of Darwinism, that animals that adapt to their environment and survive are the strongest
  • Super imposed idea on to a social scale
  • Imperialistic nations made the argument of “survival of the fittest” when indigoes population would suffer and die.
  • Encouraged scientific racism
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13
Q

What is the historical significance of English East India Company?

A
  • Is a British Joint stock Company formed by trading to W. Indies but ended up trading mainly to India.
  • Monopolize trade with India
  • British expand E. India Company from the coast to more inland with cooperation of military
  • 1750 hire local troops to work for them, troop would begin to grow unhappy with racial hierarchy developing
  • 1858 begins a revolt of local Indian troops
  • 1859 British military takes over in India
  • British then set up civil servies
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14
Q

What is the historical significance of Cecil Rhodes?

A
  • Believer in the colonialism
  • Politician in South Africa
  • Set up Rhode scholarship
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15
Q

What is the historical significance of Congress of Vienna?

A
  • 1815-1848 is a restoration period after Napoleanic Wars
  • Reconstruct European order with restoration of monarchy
  • Creates a balance of power in Europe
  • Distributes land and creates buffer zones to restore France terroritorily back to 1792
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16
Q

What is the historical significance of Civil Code?

A

-Influence the law of many countries that formed after.
Reform and codification of the French civil laws
–> forbade privileges on birth
–>allowed freedom of religion
–> govt. jobs to most qualified

17
Q

What is the historical significance of Napolen?

A
  • Was born on Island of Corsica
  • -> would have spoken patois, broken french
  • Rose to power by being a talented General
  • Life embodies Enlightenment ideas
  • He also contradicts Enlightenment ideas
18
Q

What is the historical significance of the “Black-Hand”?

A
  • 1914
  • militant organization that wanted a more powerful Serbia
  • Although not the entire cause, but sparked the fire of WW1, with the assassination of Franz Ferdinand.
  • Causes Austro-Hungarians to declare War on Serbia created a snowball effect.
19
Q

What is the historical significance of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • 1919
  • Peace Treaty of WW1, ended war with Germany and Allied powers
  • France wants Germany to have large part of the defeat
  • The treaty made Germans accept they are solely alone the cause of the Great War.
  • Prevented Germany from ever having an Air Force and Navy
  • Germany is forced to pay for cost of War debt.
  • Created further animosity between Germany and France
20
Q

What is the historical significance of the Mandate System?

A
  • 1919
  • Focused on distributing the fallen Ottoman Empire
  • Europeans from Paris Peace Treaty fell that Arabs are not ready to have rule over themselves
  • Set up colonies in Middle East.
  • Give the native a mandate that they can rule when they are ready.
21
Q

What is the historical significance of the Provisional Government?

A
  • 1917
  • Czar Nicholas 2 of Russia and last Czar of Russia
  • When crowds of people gather to petition to Czar, he order his solider to massacre them known as “Bloody Sunday”
  • Czar agrees to the Parliament system, but he has the power to veto.
  • 1917 another massive protest occurs mostly women demanding bread and peace. Unlike “Bloody Sunday” solider join the protesters
  • Set up Provisional govt.
  • Provisional Govt. is not open to large land reform or socialist reform.
22
Q

What is the historical significance of Soviet?

A
  • Means council in Russian
  • Councils for worker and soldier were set up, worked parallel to Parliament.
  • Used to name serval Russian political organizations
23
Q

What is the historical significance of Bolsheviks?

A
  • 1917
  • One faction of the Socialist party that split
  • Lead by Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin
  • Toppled government and shift from a democratic version of socialism to more of a dictatorship.

European History (14 decks)

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