Ch. 12 French Revolution Flashcards
What is the Manorial System?
- Agriculture Estates
- Governed by a Lord and worked on by peasants
- Lord provided security in order for labor of peasants
What is the Estates General and the roles of each Estate?
- Clergy
- ->could own land
- -> exempt from taxes - Nobility
- ->born into noble status
- ->were the primary land owners
- ->taxed very lightly
- ->had privilege to wear specific clothing that distinguished themselves - Commoners
- ->ranged from peasants to middle class
- ->largest part of pop.
What are the 4 ideas of the Enlightenment?
- Individual Freedom
- Popular sovereignty
- Political and Legal Equality
- Belief in Progress
What were some causes of the French Revolution?
- Social Change: growth of “bourgeoise” wanted increased rights (karl marx)
- Monarchy lost of wealth:fiscal system to blame taxation on the 3rd Estate and sold tittles of nobles.
What was included in Individual Freedoms in the Enlightenment?
- French writer Voltaire associated with idea
- Wrote of monarchy were infringing upon individual rights
What was included in Popular Sovereignty in the Enlightenment?
- English writer John Locke associated with idea
- The right of ruling is not from not from God but chosen but by the people.
- Govt. is a contract, that if a ruler does not follow can be removed
What was included in Belief in Progress in the Enlightenment?
- Belief in people as a whole are rational
- People if given the choice will continue to improve the world and make the right decisions
- Optimistic view and saw good in humanity
What was occurring in society during the outbreak of the Revolution?
- Enlightenment ideas are trickling through society
- Class of commoners are increasing in wealth
What factors contributed to the French Monarchy losing wealth?
- Debt from assisting colonist American Rev.
- Budget was invested in War
- King had lavish spendings
- Not to service the people
What was the French Monarchy response to the loss in wealth?
-Taxation on the 3rd Estate.
What occurs when the French Monarchy raises the topic on taxation on the 3rd Estate?
- The people urge for a tax reform
- 1st and 2nd Estate were wanted to pay more taxes
- Estates General is called for a meeting of tax reform
What is the National Assembly?
- 3rd Estate if left out of meeting of Versailles and form their own meeting.
- Represent largest part of pop.
- Instituted the “Declaration of the Rights of Man”
- Tennis court oath
What is the Estates General?
- Comprised of Estates General
- Deal with Frances finical crisis
What is the Storming of Bastille?
- July 14, Bastille is stormed to access armory for the revolt and symbol of authority in France.
- Brute revolt by the poor class
What are the phases of the outbreak of the Revolution?
- National Assembly
- Revolt of the poor
- Limited Monarchy
- 2nd Revolution
- The Terror
What is occurs with the Limited Monarchy during during the outbreak of the Revolution?
- Abolish feudal dues and system
- ->Declaration of Man
- Forms a Constitution with Monarch at top
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
- Document of the French Revolution
- all the parts of the estate share rights
Why was the guillotine invented?
- To create a rational method of execution
- Based on Enlightenment idea of execution that did not involve torture
What spurs the 2nd Revolution?
- The king decides to flee and is captured
- King is killed by guillotine
- 1792 France became a Republic
- ->est. a new calendar
What was “The Terror” part of the French Revolution?
- Factions arose among Revolutionaries for what they felt was enlightenment ideas
- France was on a path of civil war
- Turned away from Enlightening ideas and into a dictatorship
- Began to execute 10,000s of people.
