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A&P > Test One Make Up Questions > Flashcards

Test One Make Up Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the levels of structural organization?

A

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

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2
Q

What are factors necessary for life function?

A

Maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth

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3
Q

What do people need to survive?

A

Nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, atmospheric pressure

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4
Q

Homeostasis is maintained by which two body systems?

A

Nervous system and endocrine system

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5
Q

What three independent components control homeostatic control mechanisms?

A

Receptor, control center, effector

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6
Q

What is an example of negative feedback?

A

Control of body temperature; regulation of blood volume by ADH

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7
Q

What is an example of positive feedback?

A

Platelet plug formation and blood clotting; enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin

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8
Q

What are the tree body planes?

A

Sagittal, frontal/coronal, transverse

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9
Q

What are the two body cavities?

A

Ventral/anterior body cavity; dorsal/posterior body cavity

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10
Q

How is the thoracic cavity divided?

A

Two pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity

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11
Q

How is the abdominopelvic cavity separated from the thoracic cavity?

A

By the diaphragm

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12
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity is composed of what two parts?

A

Abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

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13
Q

A plane that passes perpendicular to the long axis of the body and divides the body into superior and inferior portions is:

A

Transverse plane

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14
Q

The thoracic cavity is ____ to the cervical region.

A

Inferior

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15
Q

T or F: The terms frontal plane and coronal plane refer to exactly the same thing.

A

True

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16
Q

The poles is ____ to the antebrachium.

A

Distal

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17
Q

The liver is ____ to the abdominal muscles.

A

Deep

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18
Q

T or F: The cervical region covers less body surface area than the thoracic region.

A

True

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19
Q

T or F: Mid-sagittal and para-sagittal all divide the body into left and right parts,

A

True

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20
Q

T or F: Para-sagittal plane and mid-sagittal plane are synonyms.

A

False

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21
Q

What are the four types of tissues?

A

Connective, epithelial, nerve, muscle

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22
Q

What are the two main types of epithelial tissue?

A

Covering and lining epithelia and glandular epithelia

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23
Q

What are examples of structures that may be on the apical surface of an epithelial tissue?

A

Cilia or microvilli

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24
Q

What is the strongest simple epithelial tissue?

A

Columnar

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25
Q

What is the weakest epithelial tissue?

A

Squamous

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26
Q

What type of epithelial tissue would be easiest to diffuse across?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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27
Q

What type of epithelial would be hardest to diffuse across?

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

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28
Q

Which tissue type is best suited for the lining of the lungs where gas exchange between the body and the inhaled must occur rapidly?

A

Simple squamous

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29
Q

Which tissue type is best suited for the skin which is subject to frequent friction and mechanical stress?

A

Stratified squamous

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30
Q

Which tissue type is best suited for the lining of the stomach and intestines which contain harsh acids and enzymes but must also absorb nutrients from food?

A

Simple columnar

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31
Q

Based on your observations, could any of the epithelial tissue types be confused with one another if one did not know the angle at which they were viewing the cells? If so, which ones?

A

Yes, cuboidal and columnar because they would both look square at the top.

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32
Q

Name an example of where simple squamous epithelium is located.

A

Kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart; blood and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)

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33
Q

Name an example of where simple cuboidal epithelium is located.

A

Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface

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34
Q

Name an example of where psudostratified columnar would be located.

A

Trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract

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35
Q

Name an example of where stratified squamous epithelium would be found.

A

The moist lining of the esophagus, mouth, vagina

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36
Q

Name a place where transitional epithelium is found.

A

Lines the uterus, urinary bladder, part of the urethra

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37
Q

How are glands classified?

A

Site of product release, and relative number of cells forming the gland

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38
Q

What type of tissue is found throughout most of the body?

A

Connective tissue

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39
Q

What are the four classes of connective tissue?

A

Connective proper, bone, blood, and cartilage

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40
Q

What are some functions of connective tissue?

A

Binding and support, protection, insulation, transportation

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41
Q

What major tissue type lines the thoracic cavity?

A

Epithelial tissue

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42
Q

Which tissue type is most abundant in the body?

A

Connective tissue

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43
Q

Which epithelium most likely lines the esophagus?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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44
Q

Which of the following is not a connective tissue?
- bone
- blood
- cartilage
- adipose
- all listed are connective tissue

A

All listed are connective tissue

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45
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is striated and made made of long, cylindrical cells that contain multiple nuclei?

A

Skeletal muscle

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46
Q

Some of the cells belonging to this major tissue classification are the largest cells in the body.

A

Nervous tissue

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47
Q

This type of tissue is composed of relatively few, specialized cells which are embedded in an extracellular matrix, or framework supporting the cells

A

Connnectinve tissue

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48
Q

T or F: Nervous tissue is only found in the brain and spinal cord.

A

False

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49
Q

T or F: Small blood vessels called capillaries run through epithelial tissue and provide the tissue with nutrients and oxygen and carry waste products away.

A

False

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50
Q

Which tissue type is most likely to be found in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), one of the ligaments supporting the kne joint.

A

Dense connective tissue

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51
Q

Which tissue is best suited to form the lining of the stomach?

A

Simple columnar

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52
Q

T or F: The only function of adipose tissue is to store excess energy for future use.

A

False

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53
Q

T or F: Only cardiac muscle tissue contains intercolated discs.

A

True

54
Q

Which tissue types can be found in the fingers?
- all tissue types except nervous
- only connective and muscle
- only epithelial and connective
- all four types

A

All four types

55
Q

This tissue forms the urine productions kidney tubules.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

56
Q
  • Mesenchyme as their common tissue of origin
  • Cells (less than in epithelial tissues, far apart)
  • Nonliving extracellular matrix
  • Fibers
  • Varying degrees of vascularity
  • Innervated
  • Different types/consistencies
  • Regeneration (tissue dependent; not as fast as epithelial)
A

Characteristics of connective tissue

57
Q

What are the structural components of connective tissue?

A

Ground substance, fibers, cells

58
Q

Proteoglycans are a component of ground substance. What is the purpose of proteoglycans?

A

Trap water in varying amounts, affecting the viscosity of the ground substance.

59
Q

What are the components of ground substance (which is a component of CT)

A

Interstitial fluid, adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans

60
Q

What are the three types of fibers found within connective tissue?

A

Collagen, elastic, reticular

61
Q

Where are fibroblasts located?

A

Connective tissue proper

62
Q

What type of cells are located in cartilage?

A

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes

63
Q

Osteoblasts and osteocytes are found where?

A

Bone

64
Q

_______ are stem cells in bone marrow.

A

Hematopoietic

65
Q

Embryonic connective tissue

A

Mesenchyme

66
Q

What are the types of loos connective tissue?

A

Areolar, adipose, reticular

67
Q

What are the types of dense connective tissue?

A

Dense regular, dense irregular

68
Q

Where is connective tissue proper - loose connective tissue - areolar likely to be found?

A

Under epithelia of body, surrounds capillaries, packages organs,

69
Q

Where is connective tissue proper - loose connective tissue - adipose likely to be located?

A

Under the skin of the hypodermis, around kidney and eyeball, within abdomen, in breasts

70
Q

Lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen are likely composed of what tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper - loose connective tissue - reticular

71
Q

Tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses are likely what type of tissue?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

72
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue are likely found where?

A

Fibrous capsules of organs and of joints; dermis of skin; submucosa of digestive tract

73
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage

74
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage likely to be found?

A

Embryonic skeleton, covering the ends of long bones in joint cavities, ribs, nose, trachea, larynx

75
Q

What type of cartilage likely supports the ear and epiglottis?

A

Elastic cartilage

76
Q

Intervertebral discs, the pubis symphysis, and discs of the knee joint are likely composed of what cartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage

77
Q

Where is osseous tissue located?

A

Bones

78
Q

Blood is contained where?

A

Within the blood vessels

79
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle

80
Q

What two tissues do epithelial membranes consist of?

A

Epithelial and connective tissue

81
Q

What are the three types of epithelial membranes?

A

Cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane, and serous membrane

82
Q

What is the cutaneous membrane?

A

It is the skin, so it covers the body surface

83
Q

What does the mucous membrane line?

A

It lines body cavities open to the exterior

84
Q

What does the serous membrane line?

A

It lines body cavities closed to the exterior

85
Q

Lines the internal body walls

A

Parietal serosa

86
Q

Covers the internal organs

A

Visceral serosa

87
Q

What serous membrane covers the lung?

A

Visceral pleura

88
Q

What serous. Membrane covers the heart?

A

Visceral pericardium

89
Q

What serous membrane covers the abdominal organs?

A

Visceral Peritoneum

90
Q

The skin consists of what two parts?

A

The epidermis and the dermis

91
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

It is a layer just under the dermis and is not technically a part of the skin

92
Q

What kind of tissue is the epidermis?

A

Epithelial tissue

93
Q

What type of tissue is the dermis?

A

Connective tissue

94
Q

Where is thick skin found, and how many layers is it composed of?

A

Found in soles and palms and composed of 5 layers

95
Q

How many layers is thin skin?

A

4 layers

96
Q

Thick and thin skin are a part of the:

A

Epidermis

97
Q

What types of cells are found within the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, and langerhans’ cells

98
Q

What type of epithelium tissue makes up the epidermis?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

99
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

100
Q

What is the thickest layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum

101
Q

What type of tissue makes up the dermis?

A

Connective tissue

102
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary and reticular layer

103
Q

What layer of the dermis makes up the majority of its thickness?

A

Reticular layer

104
Q

What type of skin markings are responsible for fingerprints?

A

Friction ridges

105
Q

What lines are responsible for the lines on palms and fingers?

A

Flexure lines

106
Q

Are sensory receptors located in the dermis or epidermis?

A

Dermis

107
Q

What receptors respond to temperature?

A

Free nerve endings

108
Q

Which receptors are stimulated by heavy pressure?

A

Pacinian corpuscles

109
Q

What sensory receptor is used to respond light touch?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

110
Q

What is the hypodermis composed of?

A

Adipose and areolar connective tissue

111
Q

What three pigments contribute to skin color?

A

Melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

112
Q

What is responsible for the pinkish hue of skin?

A

Hemoglobin

113
Q

What are the two main types of sweat (sudoriferous) glands?

A

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands

114
Q

What contributes to hair pigment?

A

Melanin

115
Q

What causes gray/white hair?

A

Decreased melanin production and an increase in air bubbles in the shaft

116
Q

Where is hair not located?

A

Palms, soles, lips, nipples, and portions of the external genitalia

117
Q

What are parts of the hair follicle?

A

Shaft, hair root, hair bulb

118
Q

Where would vellus hair be located?

A

Children and adult females (the pale fine body hairs)

119
Q

What are terminal hairs?

A

Course long hairs. Like eyebrows, scalp hair, axillary, and pubic regions

120
Q

What are functions of the integumentary system?

A

Protection, body temp regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic functions, blood resevoir, excretion

121
Q

What increases a persons chances of developing skin cancer?

A

Overexposure to UV radiation and frequent irritation of the skin

122
Q

Where is SCC most likely to be discovered?

A

Scalp, ears, lower lip, hands

123
Q

What is the rule of nines used for?

A

Used to estimate the volume of fluid loss from burns

124
Q

What degree burn is skin grafting usually necessary?

A

Third degree burns

125
Q

The skull is found in which skeleton?

A

Axial skeleton

126
Q

The femur is part of which skeleton?

A

Appendicular skeleton

127
Q

What type of bone is the humerus?

A

Long bone

128
Q

Which type of bone is the patella?

A

Short bone

129
Q

What type of bone is the sternum?

A

flat bone

130
Q

A vertebra is which type of bone?

A

Irregular bone

A&P (5 decks)

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