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A&P > Chapter 4 - Tissues: The Living Fabric > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Tissues: The Living Fabric Flashcards

1
Q

The four types of tissues:

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

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2
Q

Two types of epithelial tissue (by location)

A

Covering and lining epithelia and glandular epithelia

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3
Q

On external and internal surfaces

A

Covering and lining epithelia

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4
Q

Secretory tissue in glands

A

Glandular epithelia

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5
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissue:

A

Cellularity, polarity, composition of closely packed cells, supported by a basement membrane, avascular, innervated, high rate of regeneration

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6
Q

Types of simple epithelia:

A

Simple squamous, simple columnar, simple cuboidal, psudostratified columnar

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7
Q

Types of stratified epithelia:

A

Stratified squamous, transitional

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8
Q

One or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid

A

Gland

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9
Q

A gland is classified by:

A

Site of product release, and relative number of cells forming the gland

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10
Q

Describe some characteristics on an endocrine gland.

A

Ductless glands, less numerous, and releases its product by exocytosis into the blood which helps transport to target organs

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11
Q

Describe some characteristics of an exocrine gland.

A

Gland with ducts, more numerous, releases its products by the duct to the external surface (skin) or body cavity

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12
Q

Name the mode of secretion: products are secreted by exocytosis, and they are located on the pancreas, sweat, and salivary glands

A

Merocrine

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13
Q

Name the mode of secretion: Products are secreted by the rupture of apical part of the gland cells; and are found at the auxiliary/sweat glands

A

Apocrine

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14
Q

Name the mode of secretion: products are secreted by the rupture of gland cells; and are located at the sebaceous glands

A

Holocrine

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15
Q

Four classes of connective tissue:

A

Connective proper, bone, blood, cartilage

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16
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A

Binding and support; protection; insulation; transportation

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17
Q

Characteristics of connective tissue:

A
  1. Mesenchyme as their common tissue of origin
  2. Cells - less than in epithelial, far apart
  3. Non living extracellular matrix
  4. Fibers
  5. Varying degrees of vascularity
  6. Innervated
  7. Different types/consistencies
  8. Regeneration (depends on the tissue)
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18
Q

Structural components of connective tissue:

A

Ground substance; fibers; cells

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19
Q

Name the components of ground substance (which is a structural component of connective tissue):

A

Interstitial fluid; adhesion proteins, proteoglycans

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20
Q
  • A type of fiber
  • Strongest and most abundant type
  • Provides high tensile strength
A

Collagen (white fibers)

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21
Q
  • A type of fiber
  • Networks of long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch
A

Elastic

22
Q
  • A type of fiber
  • Short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers
A

Reticular

23
Q

Mature and immature cells are called what?

A

Immature - “blasts”
Mature - “cytes”

24
Q

This type of cell is found in connective tissue proper:

A

Fibroblasts

25
Q

These types of cells are found in cartilage:

A

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes

26
Q

These types of cells are found in bone:

A

Osteoblasts and osteocytes

27
Q

This type of cell is found in bone marrow:

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

28
Q

Describe how connective tissue is classified.

A

Connective tissue is categorized to embryonic and connective tissue proper.
Connective tissue proper is then split into loose CT and dense CT.
Loose CT is then broken into areola, adipose, and reticular.
Dense CT is then broken into dense regular and dense irregular.

29
Q
  • Embryonic connective tissue
  • Gives rise to all other connective tissues
  • Gel-like ground substance with fibers and star shaped mesenchymal cells
A

Mesenchyme

30
Q

Gel like matrix with all three fiber types; wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays an important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid; widely distributed under epithelia of the body

A

Connective tissue proper - loose CT - areolar

31
Q

Matrix as in areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes (fat cells); have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet. Provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supported and protects organs. Located under the skin in the hypodermis; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts

A

Connective tissue proper - Loose CT - adipose

32
Q

Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network. Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including WBC, mast cells, and macrophages. Located on lymphoid organs (LYMPH NODES, BONE MARROW, AND SPLEEN)

A

Connective tissue proper - loose CT - reticular

33
Q

Primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast. Attaches muscle to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction. Located tendons, most ligaments, and aponeurous.

A

Connective tissue - dense CT - dense regular

34
Q

Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast. Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength. Located at fibrous capsules of organs and of joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of the digestive tract.

A

Connective tissue proper - dense CT - dense irregular

35
Q

Three types of cartilage:

A

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

36
Q

Amorphous but firm matrix; collagen fibers form an imperceptible network; chondoblasts produce the matrix and when they mature, they lie in the lacunae. Supports and reinforces; serves as resilient cushion; resists compressive stress. Forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers the ends of the long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx

A

Cartilage - Hyaline

37
Q

Similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers in matrix. Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility. Supports the external eat and epiglottis.

A

Cartilage - Elastic

38
Q

Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate. Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock. Located in the intervertebral discs; pubis symphsis; discs of knee joint

A

Cartilage - Fibrocartilage

39
Q

Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae; very well vascularized. Bone supports and protects (by enclosing); provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bone is the site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis). Located in bones

A

Osseous tissue

40
Q

Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma). Transport of respiratory gasses, nutrients, wastes, and other substances. Contained within blood vessels

A

Blood

41
Q

Three types of muscle tissue:

A

Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

42
Q

Epithelial membranes consist of two types of tissues:

A

Epithelial tissue and connective tissue

43
Q

What are the three types of epithelial membranes:

A

Cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane, serous membrane

44
Q

Lines the internal body walls

A

Parietal serosa

45
Q

Covers the internal organs

A

Visceral serosa

46
Q

Lining the pleural cavity

A

Parietal pleura

47
Q

Covering the lung

A

Visceral pleura

48
Q

Lining the pericardial cavity

A

Parietal pericardium

49
Q

Covering the heart

A

Visceral pericardium

50
Q

Lining the peritoneal cavity

A

Parietal peritoneum

51
Q

Covering the abdominal organs

A

Visceral peritoneum

A&P (5 decks)

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