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A&P > Chapter 5 - The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The skin consists of two parts:

A

Epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

Outermost superficial region of the skin

A

Epidermis

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3
Q

Middle region of the skin

A

Dermis

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4
Q

Deepest region; subcutaneous layer to the skin (not technically part of the skin)

A

Hypodermis

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5
Q

The epidermis is composed of ______ ______ ______ _______, consisting of four distinct cell types and 4 or 5 layers

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

Cell types of the epidermis:

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Markell cells, and Langerhans’ cells

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7
Q

Keratinocyte

A

Produce fibrous protein keratin

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8
Q

10-25% of cells in lower epidermis and produce pigment melanin

A

Melanocytes

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9
Q

Macrophages that help activate immune system

A

Langerhans cells (epidermal dendritic)

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10
Q

Touch receptors

A

Tactile (Merkel) cells

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11
Q

Layers of the epidermis:

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

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12
Q

Deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis; single cell layer called stratum germinativum: cells undergo rapid division.
Single row of stem cells, melanocytes, merkel cells

A

Stratum basale

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13
Q

Multiple layers; keratinocytes abundant melanin granules dendritic or langerhans’ cells

A

Stratum spinosum

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14
Q

Thin; three to five cell layers in which the cells flatten; keratinocytes keratohyaline and lamellated granules accumulated

A

Stratum granulosum

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15
Q

A few rows of flat cells, thin transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum. Only in thick skin - palms and soles. Dead keratinocytes

A

Stratum lucidum

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16
Q

20-30 rows of dead, flat cells. Three quarters of the epidermal thickness functions. Protects from abrasion and penetration. Waterproofs barrier against biological, chemical, and physical assaults. Dead keratinocytes - keratinized membranous sacs

A

Stratum corneum

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17
Q
  • Strong, flexible connective tissue
  • Cells include fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally mast cells and WBC
  • Two layers: papillary and reticular
A

Dermis

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18
Q

Areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels

A

Papillary layer

19
Q
  • About 80% of the thickness of the dermis
  • Collagen fibers provide strength and resiliency
  • Elastic fibers provide stretch-recoil properties
A

Reticular layer

20
Q

What are the three different types of skin markings?

A

Friction ridges, cleavage lines, flexure lines.

21
Q

Epidermal ridges lie atop deeper dermal papillary ridges to form friction ridges of fingerprints

A

Friction ridges

22
Q
  • Collagen fibers arranged in bundles form cleavage (tension) lines
  • Incisions made parallel to _____ _____ heal more readily
A

Cleavage lines

23
Q

Receptor stimulated by heavy pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscles

24
Q

Tactile sense to light touch

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

25
Q

Responds to temperature

A

Free nerve endings

26
Q

Yellow to reddish-brown to black, responsible for dark skin colors

A

Melanin

27
Q

Yellow to orange, most obvious in the palms and soles

A

Carotene

28
Q

Responsible for the pinkish hue of skin

A

Hemoglobin

29
Q

Two main types of of sweat glands:

A

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands

30
Q

2 types of specialized apocrine sweat glands:

A

Ceruminous glands (in external ear canal) and mammary glands

31
Q
  • Consists of dead keratinized cells
  • Contains hard keratin; more durable than soft keratin of skin
  • Pigmentation comes from melanin
A

Hair

32
Q
  • Extends from the epidermal surface into the dermis
  • Two layer follicle wall:
  • Parts consist of: shaft, hair root, hair bulb
A

Hair follicle

33
Q
  • Smooth muscle attached to follicle
  • Responsible for “goose bumps”
A

Arrtctor pili

34
Q

Pale, fine body hair found on children and adult females

A

Vellus hair

35
Q

Course, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary, and pubic regions (and face and neck of males)

A

terminal hair

36
Q

Spread to other tissues

A

Metastasis

37
Q

Least malignant type of skin cancer, most common

A

Baal cell carcinoma

38
Q

Second most common type of skin cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

39
Q

Most dangerous type of skin cancer

A

Melanoma

40
Q

Proliferate and slowly invade dermis and hypodermis and is cured by surgical excision in 99% of cases

A

Stratum basale cells

41
Q

Epidermal damage only; localized redness, edema (swelling), and pain

A

First degree burn

42
Q

Epidermal and upper dermal damage, blisters appear

A

Second degree burn

43
Q

Entire thickness of skin damaged; gray-white, cherry red, or black; no initial swelling or pain (nerve ending are destroyed); skin grafting is usually necessary

A

Third degree burn

A&P (5 decks)

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