Chapter 5 - The Integumentary System

Question 1

The skin consists of two parts:

Answer 1

Epidermis and dermis

Question 2

Outermost superficial region of the skin

Answer 2

Epidermis

Question 3

Middle region of the skin

Answer 3

Dermis

Question 4

Deepest region; subcutaneous layer to the skin (not technically part of the skin)

Answer 4

Hypodermis

Question 5

The epidermis is composed of ______ ______ ______ _______, consisting of four distinct cell types and 4 or 5 layers

Answer 5

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

Cell types of the epidermis:

Answer 6

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Markell cells, and Langerhans’ cells

Question 7

Keratinocyte

Answer 7

Produce fibrous protein keratin

Question 8

10-25% of cells in lower epidermis and produce pigment melanin

Answer 8

Melanocytes

Question 9

Macrophages that help activate immune system

Answer 9

Langerhans cells (epidermal dendritic)

Question 10

Touch receptors

Answer 10

Tactile (Merkel) cells

Question 11

Layers of the epidermis:

Answer 11

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 12

Deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis; single cell layer called stratum germinativum: cells undergo rapid division.
Single row of stem cells, melanocytes, merkel cells

Answer 12

Stratum basale

Question 13

Multiple layers; keratinocytes abundant melanin granules dendritic or langerhans’ cells

Answer 13

Stratum spinosum

Question 14

Thin; three to five cell layers in which the cells flatten; keratinocytes keratohyaline and lamellated granules accumulated

Answer 14

Stratum granulosum

Question 15

A few rows of flat cells, thin transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum. Only in thick skin - palms and soles. Dead keratinocytes

Answer 15

Stratum lucidum

Question 16

20-30 rows of dead, flat cells. Three quarters of the epidermal thickness functions. Protects from abrasion and penetration. Waterproofs barrier against biological, chemical, and physical assaults. Dead keratinocytes - keratinized membranous sacs

Answer 16

Stratum corneum

Question 17

• Strong, flexible connective tissue
• Cells include fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally mast cells and WBC
• Two layers: papillary and reticular

Answer 17

Dermis

Question 18

Areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels

Answer 18

Papillary layer

Question 19

• About 80% of the thickness of the dermis
• Collagen fibers provide strength and resiliency
• Elastic fibers provide stretch-recoil properties

Answer 19

Reticular layer

Question 20

What are the three different types of skin markings?

Answer 20

Friction ridges, cleavage lines, flexure lines.

Question 21

Epidermal ridges lie atop deeper dermal papillary ridges to form friction ridges of fingerprints

Answer 21

Friction ridges

Question 22

• Collagen fibers arranged in bundles form cleavage (tension) lines
• Incisions made parallel to _____ _____ heal more readily

Answer 22

Cleavage lines

Question 23

Receptor stimulated by heavy pressure

Answer 23

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 24

Tactile sense to light touch

Answer 24

Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 25

Responds to temperature

Answer 25

Free nerve endings

Question 26

Yellow to reddish-brown to black, responsible for dark skin colors

Answer 26

Melanin

Question 27

Yellow to orange, most obvious in the palms and soles

Answer 27

Carotene

Question 28

Responsible for the pinkish hue of skin

Answer 28

Hemoglobin

Question 29

Two main types of of sweat glands:

Answer 29

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands

Question 30

2 types of specialized apocrine sweat glands:

Answer 30

Ceruminous glands (in external ear canal) and mammary glands

Question 31

- Consists of dead keratinized cells - Contains hard keratin; more durable than soft keratin of skin - Pigmentation comes from melanin

Answer 31

Hair

Question 32

- Extends from the epidermal surface into the dermis - Two layer follicle wall: - Parts consist of: shaft, hair root, hair bulb

Answer 32

Hair follicle

Question 33

- Smooth muscle attached to follicle - Responsible for “goose bumps”

Answer 33

Arrtctor pili

Question 34

Pale, fine body hair found on children and adult females

Answer 34

Vellus hair

Question 35

Course, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary, and pubic regions (and face and neck of males)

Answer 35

terminal hair

Question 36

Spread to other tissues

Answer 36

Metastasis

Question 37

Least malignant type of skin cancer, most common

Answer 37

Baal cell carcinoma

Question 38

Second most common type of skin cancer

Answer 38

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 39

Most dangerous type of skin cancer

Answer 39

Melanoma

Question 40

Proliferate and slowly invade dermis and hypodermis and is cured by surgical excision in 99% of cases

Answer 40

Stratum basale cells

Question 41

Epidermal damage only; localized redness, edema (swelling), and pain

Answer 41

First degree burn

Question 42

Epidermal and upper dermal damage, blisters appear

Answer 42

Second degree burn

Question 43

Entire thickness of skin damaged; gray-white, cherry red, or black; no initial swelling or pain (nerve ending are destroyed); skin grafting is usually necessary

Answer 43

Third degree burn