Chapeter 6 - The Skeletal System

Question 1

Bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Answer 1

Axial skeleton

Question 2

Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, and hip

Answer 2

Appendicular skeleton

Question 3

Bones that are longer than they are wide

Answer 3

Long bones

Question 4

Bones that are cube shaped and sesamoid bones

Answer 4

Short bones

Question 5

Thin, flat, slightly curves bones

Answer 5

Flat bones

Question 6

Bones that are in complicated shapes

Answer 6

Irregular bones

Question 7

Bones functions include:

Answer 7

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride storage

Question 8

The dense outer layer of the bone, made up of osteons

Answer 8

Compact bone

Question 9

Made of honeycomb of trabeculae

Answer 9

Spongy bone

Question 10

The structure of a long bone:

Answer 10

Diaphysis, medullary cavity, epiphyses

Question 11

Compact bone collar surrounds medullary (marrow) cavity

Answer 11

Diaphysis (shaft)

Question 12

In ducts contains fat (yellow marrow)

Answer 12

Medullary cavity

Question 13

Expanded ends; spongy bone interior, epiphysis line, articulate (hyaline) cartilage on joint surfaces

Answer 13

Epiphysis

Question 14

Membranes of bones:

Answer 14

Periosteum and endosteum

Question 15

Blood forming cells

Answer 15

Osteoblasts

Question 16

Bone destroying cells

Answer 16

Osteoclasts

Question 17

-outer fibrous layer of bone, secured to underlying bone via Sharpey’s fibers

Answer 17

Periosteum

Question 18

Delicate membrane on the internal surfaces of bone, also contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 18

Endosteum

Question 19

Another name for spongy bone (in flat bones)

Answer 19

Dipolë

Question 20

-trabecular cavities of the heads of the femur and numerous
-trabecular cavities of the dipolë of flat bones
-hip bones

Answer 20

Red marrow cavities of adults

Question 21

Located in Medullary cavities and all spaces in spongy bones

Answer 21

Red marrow of newborn infants

Question 22

Cells of bones:

Answer 22

Osteopenia cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Question 23

Stem cells in periosteum and endosteum that give rise to osteoblasts

Answer 23

Osteopenia cells

Question 24

Bone forming cells

Answer 24

Osteoblasts

Question 25

Mature bone cells

Answer 25

Osteocytes

Question 26

Cells that break down (resorb) bone matrix

Answer 26

Osteoclasts

Question 27

At right angels to the central canal Connects blood vessels and nerves of the periosteum and central canal

Answer 27

Perforating (Volkmans) canals

Question 28

Canal that contains blood vessels and nerves

Answer 28

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 29

Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to e/o and the central canal

Answer 29

Canaliculi

Question 30

Align along the lines of stress Not the air part of spongy bones Contains irregularly arranged lamellate, osteocytes, and canaliculi Capillaries in endosteum supply nutrients

Answer 30

Trabeculae

Question 31

Organic bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts

Answer 31

Osteoid

Question 32

Stages of osteogenesis (bone tissue formation)

Answer 32

Bone formation, postnatal bone growth, bone remodeling and repair

Question 33

Membrane bone develops from fibrous membrane Forms flat bones (clavicles and cranial bones)

Answer 33

Intramembranous ossification

Question 34

Cartilage bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage Forms most of the rest of the skeleton

Answer 34

Endochondral ossification

Question 35

What type of growth increases the length of long bones

Answer 35

Interstitial growth

Question 36

What type of growth increases the thickness and remodeling of all bones by osteoblasts and osteoclasts on bone surfaces

Answer 36

Appositional growth

Question 37

Stimulates epiphyseal plate activity

Answer 37

Growth plate

Question 38

Modulates activity of growth hormone

Answer 38

Thyroid hormone

Question 39

At puberty, promotes adolescent growth spurts; end growth by inducing epiphyseal plate closure

Answer 39

Testosterone and estrogens

Question 40

What happens when the bone is injured or added strength i needed

Answer 40

Bone deposit

Question 41

Digest organic matrix

Answer 41

Lysosomal enzymes

Question 42

Calcium is necessary for:

Answer 42

Transmission of nerve impulses Muscle contraction Blood coagulation Secretion by glands and nerve cells Cell division

Question 43

A bone grows or remodels in response to forces or demands placed upon it

Answer 43

Wolff’s law

Question 44

Causes bowed legs and other bone deformities

Answer 44

Rickets

Question 45

In adults, this causes vitamin D deficiency or insufficient dietary calcium

Answer 45

Osteomalacia