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A&P > Chapeter 6 - The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapeter 6 - The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

A

Axial skeleton

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2
Q

Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, and hip

A

Appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

Bones that are longer than they are wide

A

Long bones

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4
Q

Bones that are cube shaped and sesamoid bones

A

Short bones

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5
Q

Thin, flat, slightly curves bones

A

Flat bones

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6
Q

Bones that are in complicated shapes

A

Irregular bones

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7
Q

Bones functions include:

A

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride storage

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8
Q

The dense outer layer of the bone, made up of osteons

A

Compact bone

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9
Q

Made of honeycomb of trabeculae

A

Spongy bone

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10
Q

The structure of a long bone:

A

Diaphysis, medullary cavity, epiphyses

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11
Q

Compact bone collar surrounds medullary (marrow) cavity

A

Diaphysis (shaft)

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12
Q

In ducts contains fat (yellow marrow)

A

Medullary cavity

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13
Q

Expanded ends; spongy bone interior, epiphysis line, articulate (hyaline) cartilage on joint surfaces

A

Epiphysis

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14
Q

Membranes of bones:

A

Periosteum and endosteum

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15
Q

Blood forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

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16
Q

Bone destroying cells

A

Osteoclasts

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17
Q

-outer fibrous layer of bone, secured to underlying bone via Sharpey’s fibers

A

Periosteum

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18
Q

Delicate membrane on the internal surfaces of bone, also contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts

A

Endosteum

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19
Q

Another name for spongy bone (in flat bones)

A

Dipolë

20
Q

-trabecular cavities of the heads of the femur and numerous
-trabecular cavities of the dipolë of flat bones
-hip bones

A

Red marrow cavities of adults

21
Q

Located in Medullary cavities and all spaces in spongy bones

A

Red marrow of newborn infants

22
Q

Cells of bones:

A

Osteopenia cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

23
Q

Stem cells in periosteum and endosteum that give rise to osteoblasts

A

Osteopenia cells

24
Q

Bone forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

25
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

26
Q

Cells that break down (resorb) bone matrix

A

Osteoclasts

27
Q

At right angels to the central canal
Connects blood vessels and nerves of the periosteum and central canal

A

Perforating (Volkmans) canals

28
Q

Canal that contains blood vessels and nerves

A

Central (Haversian) canal

29
Q

Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to e/o and the central canal

A

Canaliculi

30
Q

Align along the lines of stress
Not the air part of spongy bones
Contains irregularly arranged lamellate, osteocytes, and canaliculi
Capillaries in endosteum supply nutrients

A

Trabeculae

31
Q

Organic bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts

A

Osteoid

32
Q

Stages of osteogenesis (bone tissue formation)

A

Bone formation, postnatal bone growth, bone remodeling and repair

33
Q

Membrane bone develops from fibrous membrane
Forms flat bones (clavicles and cranial bones)

A

Intramembranous ossification

34
Q

Cartilage bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage
Forms most of the rest of the skeleton

A

Endochondral ossification

35
Q

What type of growth increases the length of long bones

A

Interstitial growth

36
Q

What type of growth increases the thickness and remodeling of all bones by osteoblasts and osteoclasts on bone surfaces

A

Appositional growth

37
Q

Stimulates epiphyseal plate activity

A

Growth plate

38
Q

Modulates activity of growth hormone

A

Thyroid hormone

39
Q

At puberty, promotes adolescent growth spurts; end growth by inducing epiphyseal plate closure

A

Testosterone and estrogens

40
Q

What happens when the bone is injured or added strength i needed

A

Bone deposit

41
Q

Digest organic matrix

A

Lysosomal enzymes

42
Q

Calcium is necessary for:

A

Transmission of nerve impulses
Muscle contraction
Blood coagulation
Secretion by glands and nerve cells
Cell division

43
Q

A bone grows or remodels in response to forces or demands placed upon it

A

Wolff’s law

44
Q

Causes bowed legs and other bone deformities

A

Rickets

45
Q

In adults, this causes vitamin D deficiency or insufficient dietary calcium

A

Osteomalacia

A&P (5 decks)

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