Test One Flashcards
What is the name of the combination of DNA, histones and other proteins that make up the chromosome?
Chromatin
What is the extended form of chromatin called?
euchromatin
What is the condensed form of chromatin called?
heterochromatin
What can be compared to “beads on a string”?
Euchromatin
What organelle divides and heads to the poles in mitosis?
Centrosomes
What does the centrosome consist of?
2 centrioles
What is the name of the microtubules that spread from the centrosomes?
Mitotic spindle fibers
What is the name of the connection site of the chromosome?
Centromere
What are the three types of tubules present in a dividing cell?
- Kinetochore (break chromosomes), 2. polar (support breaking chromosomes) and 3. aster (found near centrosomes)
What two subunits make up microtubules?
- Alpha tubulin and 2. Beta tubulin
What is the growth and the shrinking called of microtubules?
- Polymerization and 2. Depolymerization
What is the name of the proteins that move along the microtubule tracks?
Motor proteins
What energy do motor proteins use?
ATP
What is responsible for spindle formation, chromosome alignment and separation, and avoiding aneuploidy in the cells?
Motor proteins
What three phases make up interphase?
G1, S and G2
What shrinks and disappears during prophase?
Nucleolus
What marks the beginning of prometaphase?
The breakdown of the nuclear envelope
What are the four most common sites of metastisis?
- Lungs, 2. Liver, 3. Bones and 4. Lymph nodes
What is the term that describes chromosomes that can undergo crossing over?
Bivalent Chromosomes
What position allows crossing over?
Synapsis
What is it called when genetic material starts being transferred from strand to strand?
Chiasma
What cells make the germ line?
Primordial germ cells
What type of tumor can form from primordial germ cells?
Teratoma
What are immature male and female gametes called respectively?
Spermatogonia and oogonia