Test no 4

Question 1

Which nerves and other structures pass through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

Answer 1

Cranial Nerves : CN111 Oculomotor , CN1V Trochlea CNV1 Abducent, Opthalmic branch of CNV Trigeminal Nerve. Also Opthalmic Vein

Question 2

Where doe the Facial Nerve CV11 exit from the cranium?

Answer 2

Stylo Mastoid Foramen

Question 3

Describe with the aid of a diagram what is meant by a left side bending pattern of the Maxillae

Answer 3

Front of the maxillae turn left relative to the sphenoid,

Question 4

How does the Optic Nerve relate anatomically to the Pituitary gland and why might this be clinically significant?

Answer 4

The Optic Nerve travels posteriorly through the optic chiasma to the brain. The Sella Tercica which houses the Pituitary gland is located in the sphenoid body and is anterior to the optic chiasma. A pituitary tumour affecting medial fibres within the chiasma can lead to tunnel vision.
Optic Nerve Compression caused by restrictions in Sella Turcicia.

Question 5

Describe the origins, pathway and functions of CR X1- the spinal accessory nerve

Answer 5

Split into a cranial division and spinal division.
Meet only at jugular foramina
Function of spinal division- motor supply to SC mastoid muscles and trapezius,
Function of cranial division- motor supply to pharynx, larynx and palate.
Spinal pathway- EMERGES C1-C4 roots join and pass up verterbral canal within dural membrane. ENTERS cranium at foramen magnum and joins cranial division. EXITS cranium via jugular foramina (with glosso-pharangeal and vagus) to supply trapezius and SC mastoid muscles.
Cranial pathway - EMERGES medulla

Question 6

Which nerve pathways regulate pupil constriction?

Answer 6

Cr111, Oculo Motor

Question 7

Which nerve pathways regulate pupil dilation?

Answer 7

T1-2

Question 8

Describe the pathway of the Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal Nerve CRV from its root to its final destination

Answer 8

ORIGINATES- Pons
Trigeminal ganglion
THROUGH foramen ovale into ramus of mandible, along the body of mandible to EXIT at mental foramen.
After passing through the foramen ovale, meningeal branch passes back up via foramen spinosum to meninges

Question 9

What are the symptoms of Bells Palsy and which cranial nerve is affected?

Answer 9

CN V11- Facial Nerve
Affects one side of face, lower eyelid droops, facial muscles on affected side don’t move. Mouth of affected side droops.

Question 10

What are the symptoms of Meniere’s disease and which cranial nerve is affected?

Answer 10

CN V111- Vestibulo-Cochlear Nerve.
Inner ear condition.
4 main symptoms- severe vertigo, tinnitus, loss of hearing, fullness in ear, episodes of nauseau and vomiting . Aggravated by salt, alcohol, caffeine and tobacco

Question 11

Describe the motion of the Maxillae during the flexion phase of Cranio Sacral Motion

Answer 11

Front portion of Maxillae rise superiorly coming up to meet the frontal bone as it arcs forward and down. At the same time the 2 maxillae spread laterally at posterior part of intermaxillary suture (ie back teeth move apart)

Question 12

Describe the motion of the Zygomae during the flexion phase of Cranio Sacral Motion

Answer 12

Externally rotate with temporals and arching down and out with frontal.

Question 13

List two Cranial contacts and one facial contact which might specifically relevant to assisting drainage of the middle ear and treatment of ear infections and explain why?

Answer 13

Cranial- Mastoid Tip- stimulate drainage by releasing occipito mastoid sutures and relieving tension around Eustachian tube.
Ear hold- opening up temporals and drainage into middle ear canal.
Maxillae engaging with sinus cavities

Question 14

How would you approach the treatment of a patient with sinusitis?

Answer 14

Face hold to cover sinus area- frontal ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid, sinuses. Air sinuses in face are connected all the way back to the occipito mastoid area.
Sub occipital release, jugular foramen- attention to CNV11- facial nerve for mucus secretions.
Sinus contacts- temporal, mastoid tip, ear hold to enhance occipito-mastoid suture release.
Eustachian tube.
Falx release- tentorium
Heart centre- release emotional centres.
Whole CS integration.

Question 15

How might direct trauma to the face affect the rest of the system?

Answer 15

Dental trauma causing ascending or descending patterns between jaw and pelvis.
Face becomes locked - restricted spheno-vomer articulation.
Pressure exerted through TMJ - affecting temporals.
CS rhythm becomes blocked - locked up or compressed feeling.
Membranous restrictions in head - tensions and restrictions being reflected throughout body through reciprocal tension membrane system.
Emotional shock trauma being held elsewhere in body - solar plexus, heart centre, throat.

Question 16

What reasons might draw you to treat the face?

Answer 16

Past trauma affecting face- car accident or fight, surgery,
Stress being held in facial muscles
Stress held in tissues and muscles of mastication. Symptoms of jaw clenching, teeth grinding, TMJ symptoms.
Over stimulations of sympathetic system.
Dental work/ orthodontics
Birth trauma
Sinusitis
Middle and inner ear issues
Bells Palsey, trigeminal neralgia
Any issues affecting cranial nerves
Observing the face for asymmetry/ facial patterns/ expressions.

Question 17

What aspects of a person do you associate with the Ethmoid?

Answer 17

Third Eye
Pineal gland
Site of intuition
Connection to higher consciousness
Clarity re direction
insight
connection to source

Question 18

With which bones does the Vomer articulate?

Answer 18

Palatine, Maxillae, Sphenoid, Ethmoid

Question 19

Describe the cranio- sacral motion of the orbit during flexion phase

Answer 19

Orbit elongates along horizontal plane as they get squeezed between frontal and maxillae